{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295789349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206467","title":"Non-Contact Heart Sound Measurement Using Independent Component Analysis","display_name":"Non-Contact Heart Sound Measurement Using Independent Component Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295789349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206467","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889704.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067188533","display_name":"Shun Muramatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Muramatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-227X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031034264","display_name":"Michitaka Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-2800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michitaka Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052886617","display_name":"Seiichi Takamatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-7819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiichi Takamatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011917411","display_name":"Toshihiro Itoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiro Itoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-085X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4458,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64030051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"98625","last_page":"98632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.7162887454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.614983081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.48108360171318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4797843098640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3529606759548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1721617877483368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08710020780563354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7162887454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.614983081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.48108360171318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4797843098640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3529606759548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1721617877483368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08710020780563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206467","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9ea020ef20e4be8a8b12498bc35710a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9ea020ef20e4be8a8b12498bc35710a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 98625-98632 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206467","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295789349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295789349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976756294","https://openalex.org/W2011989160","https://openalex.org/W2041952640","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2100117045","https://openalex.org/W2114026211","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2135326113","https://openalex.org/W2137305396","https://openalex.org/W2520784873","https://openalex.org/W2884613329","https://openalex.org/W2906028509","https://openalex.org/W2946521785","https://openalex.org/W2976604790","https://openalex.org/W2999407103","https://openalex.org/W3124933330","https://openalex.org/W3133591871","https://openalex.org/W3135811271","https://openalex.org/W3164504725","https://openalex.org/W3214109015","https://openalex.org/W4221091807","https://openalex.org/W4229075554","https://openalex.org/W4282821877","https://openalex.org/W6677480467","https://openalex.org/W6741473851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2121429698","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W4252230435","https://openalex.org/W55679925","https://openalex.org/W3080404860","https://openalex.org/W2046761971","https://openalex.org/W3144722888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"non-contact":[1,62,181],"heart":[2,17,44,48,65,93,131,168,182,204],"sound":[3,18,183],"measurement":[4,42,63,184],"method":[5,60,73,127,185],"using":[6,67,106,160],"independent":[7],"component":[8],"analysis":[9],"(ICA)":[10],"was":[11,19,118],"successfully":[12,70,165],"developed,":[13],"and":[14,58,113,144,148,200],"the":[15,23,33,41,104,122,135,177,190,197,201],"measured":[16,79,166],"quantitatively":[20,87],"evaluated":[21,88],"with":[22,81],"signal-to-noise":[24],"ratio":[25],"(SNR).":[26],"There":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"recent":[30],"developments":[31],"in":[32,109,134],"automated":[34],"diagnosis":[35],"of":[36,43,64,98,124,137,173,196],"cardiovascular":[37],"diseases":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40],"sounds.":[45,205],"However,":[46],"measuring":[47,91],"sounds":[49,66,80,132,169],"require":[50],"physical":[51],"restraint.":[52],"Here,":[53],"we":[54,86,164],"propose":[55],"a":[56,82,96,114,171],"non-invasive":[57],"non-constrained":[59],"for":[61],"microphones.":[68,125,162],"We":[69,151],"demonstrated":[71],"this":[72],"by":[74,90,120,141,159],"applying":[75],"ICA":[76],"to":[77,100],"multi-channel":[78],"microphone":[83],"array.":[84],"Then,":[85],"it":[89],"\u201cpseudo":[92],"sounds\u201d":[94],"at":[95,170],"distance":[97,155,172],"up":[99],"200":[101],"mm":[102,175],"from":[103,176],"source":[105],"four":[107],"microphones":[108],"an":[110],"anechoic":[111],"chamber":[112],"conference":[115],"room.":[116],"SNR":[117],"improved":[119,158],"increasing":[121],"number":[123],"This":[126,180],"could":[128],"measure":[129],"pseudo":[130],"even":[133],"presence":[136],"artificial":[138],"noise":[139],"created":[140],"heating,":[142],"ventilation,":[143],"air":[145],"conditioning":[146],"systems":[147],"human":[149],"voices.":[150],"suggested":[152],"that":[153],"measurable":[154],"can":[156],"be":[157],"more":[161],"Moreover,":[163],"actual":[167],"160":[174],"chest":[178],"wall.":[179],"provided":[186],"valuable":[187],"information":[188],"about":[189],"heart,":[191],"such":[192],"as":[193],"visual":[194],"recognition":[195],"first":[198],"(S1)":[199],"second":[202],"(S2)":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}