{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295788780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206450","title":"BCsRNG: A Secure Random Number Generator Based on Blockchain","display_name":"BCsRNG: A Secure Random Number Generator Based on Blockchain","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295788780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889712.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039201987","display_name":"Chao-Hsien Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-4074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Hsien Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015875404","display_name":"Xinyu Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024205018","display_name":"Qing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083771470","display_name":"Mengchen Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengchen Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778737","display_name":"Ruobing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-7271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruobing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013524681","display_name":"Bingxue Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxue Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84016204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"98117","last_page":"98126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.9266549348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.870225727558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-function","display_name":"Random function","score":0.7941508889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.731942892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution-random-number-generator","display_name":"Convolution random number generator","score":0.6318503618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-seed","display_name":"Random seed","score":0.6017110347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.589312732219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.5670143365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5086120367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-permutation","display_name":"Random permutation","score":0.49313992261886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.42708027362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38352856040000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.345022976398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.28328582644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21909856796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.13676029443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13633474707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09964963793754578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.9266549348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.870225727558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13929819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Random function","level":3,"score":0.7941508889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.731942892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116643974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166606","display_name":"Convolution random number generator","level":4,"score":0.6318503618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26263659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886131","display_name":"Random seed","level":3,"score":0.6017110347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.589312732219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.5670143365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5086120367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200985842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3375503","display_name":"Random permutation","level":3,"score":0.49313992261886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.42708027362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38352856040000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.345022976398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.28328582644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21909856796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.13676029443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13633474707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09964963793754578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128622974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849512","display_name":"Symmetric group","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3839fec1767a4731a0d0e0dafb67b8c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3839fec1767a4731a0d0e0dafb67b8c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 98117-98126 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09889712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1218915478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295788780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295788780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W412116272","https://openalex.org/W1561369259","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1989353996","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2099866758","https://openalex.org/W2117778488","https://openalex.org/W2428775761","https://openalex.org/W2533533176","https://openalex.org/W2759600173","https://openalex.org/W2770604843","https://openalex.org/W2894955077","https://openalex.org/W2899357412","https://openalex.org/W2909748929","https://openalex.org/W2939540812","https://openalex.org/W2939624891","https://openalex.org/W2955516410","https://openalex.org/W2979664073","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W3013129953","https://openalex.org/W3046144308","https://openalex.org/W3089673382","https://openalex.org/W3106041097","https://openalex.org/W3137359508","https://openalex.org/W3161687493","https://openalex.org/W3187895447","https://openalex.org/W3196521403","https://openalex.org/W3200411696","https://openalex.org/W3202373894","https://openalex.org/W4205606182","https://openalex.org/W4210311153","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4220664421","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6753582312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606748595","https://openalex.org/W4295788780","https://openalex.org/W20867979","https://openalex.org/W2029141674","https://openalex.org/W4292794352","https://openalex.org/W5051280","https://openalex.org/W3187895447","https://openalex.org/W2158367025","https://openalex.org/W4241163274","https://openalex.org/W3006769239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"numbers":[1,20,34,114],"are":[2,44,118],"widely":[3],"used":[4,41],"in":[5,42],"numerical":[6],"computing,":[7],"statistical":[8],"simulation,":[9],"random":[10,19,33,60,66,73,89,113],"sampling,":[11],"etc.":[12],"At":[13],"present,":[14],"the":[15,57,65,87,94,112],"mechanism":[16],"for":[17],"generating":[18],"by":[21,116],"computers":[22],"is":[23,53,91,100],"at":[24],"risk":[25],"of":[26,59,86],"being":[27],"attacked.":[28],"In":[29,80],"some":[30],"cases,":[31],"generated":[32,115],"may":[35],"be":[36],"predicted.":[37],"However,":[38],"current":[39],"RNGs":[40],"blockchain":[43,78],"not":[45],"sufficient":[46],"enough":[47],"to":[48,55,102,120],"handle":[49],"attacks.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"it":[52],"necessary":[54],"improve":[56],"security":[58],"numbers.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"improves":[64],"number":[67,74,90],"generator":[68,75],"and":[69,105,122,126],"designs":[70],"a":[71],"secure":[72,88],"based":[76],"on":[77],"(BCsRNG).":[79],"practice,":[81],"an":[82,98],"encapsulated":[83],"function":[84],"algorithm":[85],"developed":[92],"with":[93],"smart":[95],"contract.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"API":[99],"provided":[101],"facilitate":[103],"input":[104],"output.":[106],"The":[107],"experimental":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"BCsRNG":[117],"difficult":[119],"decipher":[121],"have":[123],"higher":[124],"randomness":[125],"security.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}