{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295308401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206375","title":"ECMS: Energy-Efficient Collaborative Multi-UAV Surveillance System for Inaccessible Regions","display_name":"ECMS: Energy-Efficient Collaborative Multi-UAV Surveillance System for Inaccessible Regions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295308401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206375","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888102.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061838929","display_name":"Chetna Singhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-8162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetna Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-8162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038333150","display_name":"Subhrajit Barick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-2427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhrajit Barick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.0225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95666551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"95876","last_page":"95891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8326653838157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6153273582458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.591347873210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5565248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5078478455543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4996325969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.48002663254737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4238818287849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.41999709606170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.353817343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13581383228302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12606987357139587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8326653838157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6153273582458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.591347873210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5565248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5078478455543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4996325969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.48002663254737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4238818287849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.41999709606170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.353817343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13581383228302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12606987357139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206375","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab590583121c4e5a8c78b6509acf3b2a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab590583121c4e5a8c78b6509acf3b2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 95876-95891 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206375","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5987201493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DST/INSPIRE/04/2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540107614","https://openalex.org/W1888179342","https://openalex.org/W1966096765","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2032840206","https://openalex.org/W2034679845","https://openalex.org/W2039141277","https://openalex.org/W2052746371","https://openalex.org/W2082040042","https://openalex.org/W2085429458","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2110158481","https://openalex.org/W2138379895","https://openalex.org/W2148929030","https://openalex.org/W2151240446","https://openalex.org/W2159070532","https://openalex.org/W2165139660","https://openalex.org/W2280912016","https://openalex.org/W2418623400","https://openalex.org/W2477379160","https://openalex.org/W2517499003","https://openalex.org/W2587073725","https://openalex.org/W2590916398","https://openalex.org/W2755257587","https://openalex.org/W2772284302","https://openalex.org/W2797042082","https://openalex.org/W2797090510","https://openalex.org/W2798437830","https://openalex.org/W2804047487","https://openalex.org/W2808410797","https://openalex.org/W2899864612","https://openalex.org/W2901888902","https://openalex.org/W2914420155","https://openalex.org/W2942278707","https://openalex.org/W2962753615","https://openalex.org/W2964310887","https://openalex.org/W2965774728","https://openalex.org/W2973163281","https://openalex.org/W2980160379","https://openalex.org/W2982643519","https://openalex.org/W2995027003","https://openalex.org/W2995497578","https://openalex.org/W3011859444","https://openalex.org/W3027091883","https://openalex.org/W3035974436","https://openalex.org/W3048800019","https://openalex.org/W3084535090","https://openalex.org/W3099966338","https://openalex.org/W3100596763","https://openalex.org/W3115329715","https://openalex.org/W3135026630","https://openalex.org/W3157791915","https://openalex.org/W3183645605","https://openalex.org/W3217768034","https://openalex.org/W4200481434","https://openalex.org/W4206479563","https://openalex.org/W4206938592","https://openalex.org/W4225806612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4212885606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,143],"evolution":[1],"and":[2,55,132,177],"popular":[3],"adaptation":[4],"of":[5,14,36,81,106,136,157,175],"drone":[6],"technology":[7],"in":[8,129],"diverse":[9],"applications":[10],"has":[11],"necessitated":[12],"advancement":[13],"UAV":[15,130],"communication":[16],"framework.":[17],"UAVs":[18,40,158],"inherently":[19],"support":[20],"features":[21],"like":[22],"mobility,":[23],"flexibility,":[24],"adaptive":[25],"altitude,":[26],"which":[27],"make":[28],"them":[29],"a":[30,62],"preferable":[31],"option":[32],"for":[33,79,119],"dynamic":[34],"surveillance":[35,46,80,98,150],"remote":[37,67],"locations.":[38],"Multiple":[39],"can":[41],"cooperatively":[42],"work":[43],"to":[44,95,160],"accomplish":[45],"missions":[47],"more":[48],"efficiently.":[49],"However,":[50],"the":[51,56,97,135,148,161],"intermittent":[52],"network":[53,131],"connectivity":[54],"limited":[57],"onboard":[58],"energy":[59,174],"storage":[60],"impose":[61],"great":[63],"challenge":[64],"on":[65],"UAV-assisted":[66],"surveillance.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"presents":[71],"an":[72,87,111],"Energy-efficient":[73],"Collaborative":[74,90],"Multi-UAV":[75,89],"Surveillance":[76],"(ECMS)":[77],"system":[78,85,151],"inaccessible":[82],"regions.":[83],"employs":[86],"optimal":[88],"Monocular":[91],"Vision":[92],"(MCMV)":[93],"topology":[94],"facilitate":[96],"with":[99,154],"zero":[100],"blind":[101],"spot":[102],"using":[103],"minimum":[104],"number":[105,156],"drones.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109,165],"propose":[110],"application-aware":[112],"Multi-Path":[113],"Weighted":[114],"Load-balancing":[115],"(MWL)":[116],"routing":[117],"protocol":[118],"handling":[120],"congestion":[121],"by":[122],"distributing":[123],"traffic":[124],"among":[125],"all":[126],"available":[127],"resources":[128],"adaptively":[133],"selecting":[134],"source":[137],"datarate":[138],"(i.e.":[139],"switching":[140],"video":[141],"resolution).":[142],"simulation":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"that":[147],"proposed":[149],"achieves":[152,166],"coverage":[153],"lesser":[155],"compared":[159],"existing":[162],"systems.":[163],"It":[164],"higher":[167,169,172],"throughput,":[168],"packet-delivery":[170],"ratio,":[171],"residual":[173],"UAVs,":[176],"lower":[178],"end-to-end":[179],"delay.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
