{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295308533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206368","title":"Topology Optimization for Electromagnetics: A Survey","display_name":"Topology Optimization for Electromagnetics: A Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295308533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206368","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888100.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888100.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048180434","display_name":"Francesco Lucchini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Lucchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-9340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020258626","display_name":"Riccardo Torchio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Torchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-8793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069011268","display_name":"Vincenzo Cirimele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1999-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136873","display_name":"Azienda-Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Cesena","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgp1379","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136873"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Cirimele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering &#x201C;G. Marconi&#x201D;, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering &#x201C;G. Marconi&#x201D;, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136873","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043423605","display_name":"Piergiorgio Alotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piergiorgio Alotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-0325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044606197","display_name":"Paolo Bettini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Bettini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-4071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048180434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.3775,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98257239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"98593","last_page":"98611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9325000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetics","display_name":"Electromagnetics","score":0.8037334680557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-optimization","display_name":"Topology optimization","score":0.750766396522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5875479578971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5397902131080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.537065327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5101202130317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.48711109161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4843379259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetism","display_name":"Electromagnetism","score":0.4178137481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23569509387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22897440195083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21234750747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21198421716690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20083582401275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.1754966676235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12860557436943054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909720056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetics","level":2,"score":0.8037334680557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456","display_name":"Topology optimization","level":3,"score":0.750766396522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5875479578971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5397902131080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.537065327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5101202130317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.48711109161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4843379259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91748784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.4178137481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23569509387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22897440195083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21234750747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21198421716690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20083582401275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.1754966676235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12860557436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206368","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888100.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8767593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8767593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2169-3536","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/900552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/900552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a143a114ce04540bdda904b5413b731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a143a114ce04540bdda904b5413b731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 98593-98611 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3458872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9888100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206368","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888100.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":164,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500209734","https://openalex.org/W1973282871","https://openalex.org/W1980432290","https://openalex.org/W1983302228","https://openalex.org/W1985830358","https://openalex.org/W1986458492","https://openalex.org/W1989201748","https://openalex.org/W1994757692","https://openalex.org/W1997681006","https://openalex.org/W2000185976","https://openalex.org/W2000388899","https://openalex.org/W2004906124","https://openalex.org/W2006005313","https://openalex.org/W2018407470","https://openalex.org/W2023555453","https://openalex.org/W2028091379","https://openalex.org/W2028176048","https://openalex.org/W2028650865","https://openalex.org/W2032465662","https://openalex.org/W2050707118","https://openalex.org/W2051496577","https://openalex.org/W2051960719","https://openalex.org/W2057091215","https://openalex.org/W2057630662","https://openalex.org/W2062523101","https://openalex.org/W2066652988","https://openalex.org/W2069667333","https://openalex.org/W2069697210","https://openalex.org/W2071020865","https://openalex.org/W2078068005","https://openalex.org/W2079777091","https://openalex.org/W2086969076","https://openalex.org/W2088798480","https://openalex.org/W2091429701","https://openalex.org/W2092801729","https://openalex.org/W2095243826","https://openalex.org/W2095361069","https://openalex.org/W2099778382","https://openalex.org/W2100707489","https://openalex.org/W2101384944","https://openalex.org/W2104266972","https://openalex.org/W2104635980","https://openalex.org/W2105369179","https://openalex.org/W2112167849","https://openalex.org/W2112904992","https://openalex.org/W2113603127","https://openalex.org/W2114406852","https://openalex.org/W2115831163","https://openalex.org/W2123632306","https://openalex.org/W2124872959","https://openalex.org/W2134043634","https://openalex.org/W2135396086","https://openalex.org/W2136009808","https://openalex.org/W2139714531","https://openalex.org/W2145653547","https://openalex.org/W2146674345","https://openalex.org/W2146886123","https://openalex.org/W2149368520","https://openalex.org/W2149554935","https://openalex.org/W2154570348","https://openalex.org/W2155266649","https://openalex.org/W2158251452","https://openalex.org/W2158862486","https://openalex.org/W2164169300","https://openalex.org/W2165400926","https://openalex.org/W2168420006","https://openalex.org/W2170421568","https://openalex.org/W2175667084","https://openalex.org/W2220999736","https://openalex.org/W2224592373","https://openalex.org/W2291683292","https://openalex.org/W2312464935","https://openalex.org/W2326639080","https://openalex.org/W2515428233","https://openalex.org/W2569355571","https://openalex.org/W2588405238","https://openalex.org/W2594893783","https://openalex.org/W2604230401","https://openalex.org/W2627029333","https://openalex.org/W2752188183","https://openalex.org/W2762036506","https://openalex.org/W2765607455","https://openalex.org/W2766501183","https://openalex.org/W2768028502","https://openalex.org/W2775510441","https://openalex.org/W2784615785","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2792470084","https://openalex.org/W2808948851","https://openalex.org/W2893997308","https://openalex.org/W2895948233","https://openalex.org/W2895953662","https://openalex.org/W2899403415","https://openalex.org/W2902327420","https://openalex.org/W2922207573","https://openalex.org/W2922327436","https://openalex.org/W2927592310","https://openalex.org/W2929444018","https://openalex.org/W2944637764","https://openalex.org/W2962440741","https://openalex.org/W2990451169","https://openalex.org/W2993005014","https://openalex.org/W2995938482","https://openalex.org/W2999000694","https://openalex.org/W2999123549","https://openalex.org/W3000191966","https://openalex.org/W3008811907","https://openalex.org/W3011097611","https://openalex.org/W3013859464","https://openalex.org/W3015264083","https://openalex.org/W3026702788","https://openalex.org/W3039123756","https://openalex.org/W3046417006","https://openalex.org/W3047266019","https://openalex.org/W3048000351","https://openalex.org/W3048375313","https://openalex.org/W3081729467","https://openalex.org/W3083031334","https://openalex.org/W3088928073","https://openalex.org/W3106706838","https://openalex.org/W3107297980","https://openalex.org/W3118809130","https://openalex.org/W3120173026","https://openalex.org/W3120478531","https://openalex.org/W3127600075","https://openalex.org/W3128045063","https://openalex.org/W3130490277","https://openalex.org/W3135519342","https://openalex.org/W3147698714","https://openalex.org/W3152878116","https://openalex.org/W3158254011","https://openalex.org/W3158269450","https://openalex.org/W3159625561","https://openalex.org/W3162854943","https://openalex.org/W3163948835","https://openalex.org/W3182533992","https://openalex.org/W3197268541","https://openalex.org/W3199999429","https://openalex.org/W3208082739","https://openalex.org/W3208380295","https://openalex.org/W3209340886","https://openalex.org/W3209952768","https://openalex.org/W4205647189","https://openalex.org/W4205680265","https://openalex.org/W4205834705","https://openalex.org/W4206162090","https://openalex.org/W4210579370","https://openalex.org/W4211222702","https://openalex.org/W4211225912","https://openalex.org/W4214748561","https://openalex.org/W4220799675","https://openalex.org/W4221167278","https://openalex.org/W4225541089","https://openalex.org/W4225949755","https://openalex.org/W4226377670","https://openalex.org/W4280533756","https://openalex.org/W4283012816","https://openalex.org/W4285159674","https://openalex.org/W4285242147","https://openalex.org/W4285308099","https://openalex.org/W4285310311","https://openalex.org/W4399711454","https://openalex.org/W6798536352","https://openalex.org/W7011742467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502474339","https://openalex.org/W2091509840","https://openalex.org/W2136883852","https://openalex.org/W1604556474","https://openalex.org/W639500893","https://openalex.org/W1980866748","https://openalex.org/W1596145689","https://openalex.org/W2028444478","https://openalex.org/W4289713616","https://openalex.org/W2896301116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,93],"development":[1],"of":[2,10,17,29,37,44,59,72,89,95,142],"technologies":[3],"for":[4,34,48,139],"the":[5,15,27,35,57,70,73,76,82,87,103,110,118,125,140],"additive":[6],"manufacturing,":[7],"in":[8,56,81,129],"particular":[9],"metallic":[11],"materials,":[12],"is":[13,98],"offering":[14],"possibility":[16,28],"producing":[18],"parts":[19],"with":[20,75],"complex":[21],"geometries.":[22],"This":[23],"opens":[24],"up":[25],"to":[26,86],"using":[30],"topological":[31],"optimization":[32,114,141],"methods":[33,68],"design":[36],"electromagnetic":[38,143],"devices.":[39,144],"Hence,":[40],"a":[41],"wide":[42],"variety":[43],"approaches,":[45],"originally":[46],"developed":[47,128],"solid":[49,133],"mechanics,":[50],"have":[51],"recently":[52],"become":[53],"attractive":[54,80],"also":[55],"field":[58],"electromagnetics.":[60],"general":[62],"distinction":[63],"between":[64],"gradient-based":[65],"and":[66,108,146,154],"gradient-free":[67],"drives":[69],"structure":[71],"paper,":[74],"latter":[77,126],"becoming":[78],"particularly":[79],"last":[83],"years":[84],"due":[85],"concepts":[88],"artificial":[90],"neural":[91],"networks.":[92],"aim":[94],"this":[96],"paper":[97,104],"twofold.":[99],"On":[100],"one":[101],"hand,":[102],"aims":[105,121],"at":[106,122],"summarizing":[107],"describing":[109],"state-of-art":[111],"on":[112,117],"topology":[113],"techniques":[115],"while":[116],"other":[119],"it":[120],"showing":[123],"how":[124],"methodologies":[127],"non-electromagnetic":[130],"framework":[131],"(e.g.,":[132],"mechanics":[134],"field)":[135],"can":[136],"be":[137],"applied":[138],"Discussions":[145],"comparisons":[147],"are":[148],"both":[149],"supported":[150],"by":[151],"theoretical":[152],"aspects":[153],"numerical":[155],"results.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
