{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295308519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206358","title":"Modeling of a Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial Unit-Cell and Array for Aircraft Surveillance Applications","display_name":"Modeling of a Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial Unit-Cell and Array for Aircraft Surveillance Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295308519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206358","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888118.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034491974","display_name":"M. Pallavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Pallavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","Centre of Excellence in Avionics and Navigation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-5769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence in Avionics and Navigation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382742","display_name":"Pramod Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-7187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-7187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000690812","display_name":"Tanweer Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanweer Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-0480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075179403","display_name":"B. Satish Shenoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-3854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satish B. Shenoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence in Avionics and Navigation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-3854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence in Avionics and Navigation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76507234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"99790","last_page":"99812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.8327174186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hfss","display_name":"HFSS","score":0.7082018852233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5891144275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5822467803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.581896960735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5168007612228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.4817385971546173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.44310829043388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.4351412057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43419724702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4241832494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-ring-resonator","display_name":"Split-ring resonator","score":0.4208952486515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.40490883588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34937167167663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2073531150817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19771221280097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18205243349075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1670345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.12004861235618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1084057092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.07491359114646912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.8327174186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106872782","display_name":"HFSS","level":4,"score":0.7082018852233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5891144275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5822467803955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.581896960735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5168007612228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.4817385971546173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44310829043388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4351412057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43419724702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4241832494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73862843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4992522","display_name":"Split-ring resonator","level":3,"score":0.4208952486515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.40490883588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34937167167663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2073531150817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19771221280097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18205243349075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1670345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12004861235618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1084057092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.07491359114646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206358","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:933581d7888942829b48f2ea7fb3ec15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/933581d7888942829b48f2ea7fb3ec15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 99790-99812 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3206358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206358","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09888118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308519.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295308519.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573752995","https://openalex.org/W1588759557","https://openalex.org/W1594586861","https://openalex.org/W1789544949","https://openalex.org/W1968433339","https://openalex.org/W1990245077","https://openalex.org/W2003881217","https://openalex.org/W2015408750","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2035092703","https://openalex.org/W2040517465","https://openalex.org/W2053195780","https://openalex.org/W2064240847","https://openalex.org/W2078137455","https://openalex.org/W2088025373","https://openalex.org/W2089730168","https://openalex.org/W2100209965","https://openalex.org/W2113759567","https://openalex.org/W2123107295","https://openalex.org/W2123732059","https://openalex.org/W2140578943","https://openalex.org/W2148020016","https://openalex.org/W2150509233","https://openalex.org/W2152960628","https://openalex.org/W2167067282","https://openalex.org/W2323043744","https://openalex.org/W2337167540","https://openalex.org/W2516591940","https://openalex.org/W2518712957","https://openalex.org/W2579497902","https://openalex.org/W2593332388","https://openalex.org/W2742726648","https://openalex.org/W2766038793","https://openalex.org/W2773724821","https://openalex.org/W2790063280","https://openalex.org/W2799832533","https://openalex.org/W2907494254","https://openalex.org/W2908932956","https://openalex.org/W2948118610","https://openalex.org/W2951709871","https://openalex.org/W2953065219","https://openalex.org/W2974615609","https://openalex.org/W2977821630","https://openalex.org/W2986606052","https://openalex.org/W2999181842","https://openalex.org/W3018837102","https://openalex.org/W3022887425","https://openalex.org/W3097435563","https://openalex.org/W3110329718","https://openalex.org/W3125154885","https://openalex.org/W3130945404","https://openalex.org/W3169497561","https://openalex.org/W3207961595","https://openalex.org/W6703345927","https://openalex.org/W6742294425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W635615565","https://openalex.org/W2068098957","https://openalex.org/W2520775183","https://openalex.org/W2010118559","https://openalex.org/W2094241994","https://openalex.org/W1555872197","https://openalex.org/W75536252","https://openalex.org/W2017082258","https://openalex.org/W2034486684","https://openalex.org/W1655714189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,254],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,28,52,59,99,104,159,237,272,278],"unique":[4],"negative":[5,141],"refractive":[6],"index-metamaterial":[7],"(NRI-MTM)":[8],"structure":[9,26,102,215,233],"is":[10,27,46,77,94,123,151,172,234],"proposed":[11,38,132,176],"for":[12,20,202],"traffic":[13],"alert":[14],"and":[15,32,40,181,186,209,218,277],"collision":[16],"avoidance":[17],"system":[18],"(TCAS)":[19],"aircraft":[21,203],"application.":[22,205],"The":[23,37,70,206],"NRI-MTM":[24],"unit-cell":[25,76,93,150,180,208],"combination":[29],"of":[30,51,67,73,106,130,144,161,193,247,275,281],"square":[31,39],"circular":[33,41,61],"split":[34,42,62],"ring":[35,43,63],"structures.":[36,133],"metamaterial":[44],"(SCM)":[45],"designed":[47,146],"on":[48,64,239,250],"the":[49,65,68,74,127,131,139,145,149,165,175,190,219,227,231,240,245,248,251,257,260,263],"top":[50],"1.6":[53],"mm":[54],"thick":[55],"FR-4":[56],"substrate,":[57],"with":[58,103,158,226],"single":[60],"bottom":[66],"substrate.":[69],"total":[71],"dimension":[72,105],"SCM":[75,147,177,207,213,267],"23":[78],"\u00d7":[79,85,108,115,211,265],"23mm":[80],"<sup":[81,110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82,111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[83,112],"(0.08\u03bb":[84],"0.08":[86],"\u03bb),":[87],"resonating":[88],"at":[89],"1.06":[90],"GHz.":[91],"This":[92],"further":[95],"used":[96,124,235],"to":[97,125,137,155,195,243,256],"create":[98],"5\u00d74":[100],"array":[101,182,214,232,268],"130":[107],"111mm":[109],"(0.46":[113],"\u03bb":[114],"0.4":[116],"\u03bb).":[117],"A":[118],"High-Frequency":[119],"Structure":[120],"Simulator":[121],"(HFSS)":[122],"assess":[126],"electromagnetic":[128],"properties":[129,188],"Furthermore,":[134],"in":[135,223],"order":[136],"analyse":[138],"double":[140],"(DNG)":[142],"behaviour":[143],"structure,":[148,262],"rotated":[152],"from":[153],"0":[154],"360":[156],"degrees":[157,163],"step":[160],"60":[162],"along":[164],"azimuthal":[166],"plane.":[167],"On":[168],"doing":[169],"so,":[170],"it":[171,200],"observed":[173],"that,":[174],"structures,":[178,183],"including":[179],"exhibit":[184],"DNG":[185],"NRI":[187],"over":[189],"frequency":[191],"band":[192],"0.5":[194],"1.2":[196],"GHz,":[197],"thus":[198],"making":[199],"optimum":[201],"surveillance":[204],"5":[210,264],"4":[212,266],"were":[216],"fabricated,":[217],"measured":[220],"results":[221],"are":[222],"well":[224],"agreement":[225],"simulated":[228],"results.":[229],"Further,":[230],"as":[236],"superstrate":[238],"patch":[241],"antenna":[242,252,258,270],"analyze":[244],"impact":[246],"MTM":[249,261],"performance.":[253],"comparison":[255],"without":[259],"loaded":[269],"has":[271],"gain":[273],"improvement":[274],"2.8dB":[276],"bandwidth":[279],"enhancement":[280],"31.5MHz.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}