{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295886290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3205738","title":"Exudate Regeneration for Automated Exudate Detection in Retinal Fundus Images","display_name":"Exudate Regeneration for Automated Exudate Detection in Retinal Fundus Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295886290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3205738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3205738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3205738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09885192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09885192.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026375745","display_name":"Muhammad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-6202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-6202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056435410","display_name":"Hussain Al-Aqrabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Al-Aqrabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-7418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056405278","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Munawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Munawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027030244","display_name":"Richard Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-7730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-7730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686924","display_name":"Simon Parkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026375745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92842346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"83934","last_page":"83945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exudate","display_name":"Exudate","score":0.8022806644439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7856758832931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5755297541618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4946269690990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45575302839279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.44812247157096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41305166482925415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778573061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139400","display_name":"Exudate","level":2,"score":0.8022806644439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7856758832931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5755297541618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4946269690990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45575302839279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.44812247157096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41305166482925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3205738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3205738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09885192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6d51b50f-9a55-4f80-b200-3147f7db9be9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/6d51b50f-9a55-4f80-b200-3147f7db9be9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hussain, M, Al-Aqrabi, H, Munawar, M, Hill, R & Parkinson, S 2022, 'Exudate Regeneration for Automated Exudate Detection in Retinal Fundus Images', IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3205738","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0377e09e42b0456a85a2d549a4cbb6bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0377e09e42b0456a85a2d549a4cbb6bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 83934-83945 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3205738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3205738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09885192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295886290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295886290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1823656996","https://openalex.org/W1964517029","https://openalex.org/W1992968447","https://openalex.org/W2016795705","https://openalex.org/W2078789324","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2347185285","https://openalex.org/W2512148493","https://openalex.org/W2615982936","https://openalex.org/W2749049648","https://openalex.org/W2761299546","https://openalex.org/W2778306876","https://openalex.org/W2921948732","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3081111549","https://openalex.org/W3098558149","https://openalex.org/W3112383662","https://openalex.org/W4205213185","https://openalex.org/W4206193023","https://openalex.org/W4224287303","https://openalex.org/W4285114415","https://openalex.org/W6771154167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W2811390910","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2082269393","https://openalex.org/W2043960970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,18,38],"presents":[2],"a":[3,20,60,88],"framework":[4],"for":[5,24,50],"the":[6,26,41,57,76,94,107,111,117],"automated":[7],"detection":[8],"of":[9,14,28,43,59,75,91,96,110],"Exudates,":[10],"an":[11],"early":[12],"sign":[13],"Diabetic":[15],"Retinopathy.":[16],"The":[17,37,73],"introduces":[19],"classification-extraction-superimposition":[21],"(CES)":[22],"mechanism":[23,103],"enabling":[25],"generation":[27],"representative":[29],"exudate":[30,51,66],"samples":[31],"based":[32,70],"on":[33,65,87,116],"limited":[34],"open-source":[35],"samples.":[36],"demonstrates":[39],"how":[40],"manipulation":[42],"Yolov5M":[44],"output":[45],"vector":[46],"can":[47],"be":[48],"utilized":[49],"extraction":[52],"and":[53],"super-imposition,":[54],"segueing":[55],"into":[56],"development":[58],"custom":[61],"CNN":[62],"architecture":[63,78],"focused":[64],"classification":[67,85],"in":[68],"retinal":[69],"fundus":[71],"images.":[72],"performance":[74,109],"proposed":[77],"is":[79,104],"compared":[80],"with":[81],"various":[82],"state-of-the-art":[83],"image":[84],"architectures":[86],"wide":[89],"range":[90],"metrics,":[92],"including":[93],"simulation":[95],"post":[97],"deployment":[98],"inference":[99],"statistics.":[100],"A":[101],"self-label":[102],"presented,":[105],"endorsing":[106],"high":[108],"developed":[112],"architecture,":[113],"achieving":[114],"100%":[115],"test":[118],"dataset.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}