{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294691701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204593","title":"Feature Selection by Multiobjective Optimization: Application to Spam Detection System by Neural Networks and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Feature Selection by Multiobjective Optimization: Application to Spam Detection System by Neural Networks and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294691701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09878104.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09878104.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074125353","display_name":"Sanaa A. A. Ghaleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70374766","display_name":"University of Aden","ror":"https://ror.org/02w043707","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]}],"countries":["MY","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaa A. A. Ghaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","Faculty of Education Aden, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","Faculty of Education Saber, University of Lahej, Lahej, Yemen","Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education Aden, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education Saber, University of Lahej, Lahej, Yemen","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101418550","display_name":"Mumtazimah Mohamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-6022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mumtazimah Mohamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012702609","display_name":"Waheed Ali H. M. Ghanem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-4788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70374766","display_name":"University of Aden","ror":"https://ror.org/02w043707","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]}],"countries":["MY","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waheed Ali H. M. Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","Faculty of Education Saber, University of Lahej, Lahej, Yemen","Faculty of Education Aden, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-4788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education Saber, University of Lahej, Lahej, Yemen","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education Aden, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70374766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036521015","display_name":"Abdullah B. Nasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-999X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","display_name":"University of Vaasa","ror":"https://ror.org/03769b225","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah B. Nasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology and Innovation, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology and Innovation, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026063187","display_name":"Mohamed Ghetas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799409690","display_name":"Nahda University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s29c959","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799409690"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ghetas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Nahda University, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Nahda University, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799409690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038448895","display_name":"Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-9685"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Albukhary International University, Kedah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Albukhary International University, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072445988","display_name":"Sami Abdulla Mohsen Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-7407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Abdulla Mohsen Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069240487","display_name":"Humaira Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-6202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humaira Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034530048","display_name":"Abiodun Esther Omolara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-2541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8033065","display_name":"University of Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/007e69832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abiodun Esther Omolara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oludare Isaac Abiodun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8033065","display_name":"University of Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/007e69832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oludare Isaac Abiodun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90413189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"98475","last_page":"98489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7830147743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7217137217521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5396841168403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5353899598121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5199819207191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49558961391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grasshopper","display_name":"Grasshopper","score":0.4812297821044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.472381591796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.469054251909256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.45578306913375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4125176668167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3399628698825836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.25235363841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10256654024124146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7830147743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7217137217521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5396841168403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5353899598121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5199819207191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49558961391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18398431","display_name":"Grasshopper","level":2,"score":0.4812297821044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.472381591796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.469054251909256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.45578306913375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4125176668167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3399628698825836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25235363841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10256654024124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09878104.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4aa06dfce01048f58624d3d3ea335255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4aa06dfce01048f58624d3d3ea335255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 98475-98489 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/14915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/14915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS:000857332200001","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09878104.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294691701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294691701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10515480","https://openalex.org/W1534473561","https://openalex.org/W2080913999","https://openalex.org/W2111043420","https://openalex.org/W2153351685","https://openalex.org/W2191006491","https://openalex.org/W2412884363","https://openalex.org/W2417377061","https://openalex.org/W2585392941","https://openalex.org/W2607312263","https://openalex.org/W2613526883","https://openalex.org/W2736620714","https://openalex.org/W2768134999","https://openalex.org/W2810983243","https://openalex.org/W2903976715","https://openalex.org/W2912549998","https://openalex.org/W2914128779","https://openalex.org/W2930216851","https://openalex.org/W2977238585","https://openalex.org/W2978069640","https://openalex.org/W3000358430","https://openalex.org/W3001336443","https://openalex.org/W3003454003","https://openalex.org/W3006834142","https://openalex.org/W3093309112","https://openalex.org/W3099174910","https://openalex.org/W3107626466","https://openalex.org/W3112324025","https://openalex.org/W3123931333","https://openalex.org/W3127508072","https://openalex.org/W3127767881","https://openalex.org/W3128678154","https://openalex.org/W3153427883","https://openalex.org/W3193632936","https://openalex.org/W3203489698","https://openalex.org/W4205597133","https://openalex.org/W4205998923","https://openalex.org/W4220847088","https://openalex.org/W4245538015","https://openalex.org/W4285818296","https://openalex.org/W4293194057","https://openalex.org/W6745507858","https://openalex.org/W6773167532","https://openalex.org/W6997587276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2177052687","https://openalex.org/W1577486826","https://openalex.org/W2326078091","https://openalex.org/W3145577977","https://openalex.org/W2363533522","https://openalex.org/W300940598","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426","https://openalex.org/W2947473754","https://openalex.org/W4205705311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Networks":[0],"are":[1,36],"strained":[2],"by":[3,86,207],"spam,":[4],"which":[5],"also":[6,79],"overloads":[7],"email":[8,31,59,75],"servers":[9],"and":[10,16,73,93,134,167,188,213],"blocks":[11],"mailboxes":[12],"with":[13,42,101],"unwanted":[14],"messages":[15],"files.":[17],"Setting":[18],"the":[19,46,81,88,95,105,121,130,141,144,158,168,185,205],"protective":[20],"level":[21],"for":[22,30,83,126,164,173],"spam":[23,61,85,102],"filtering":[24],"might":[25],"become":[26],"even":[27],"more":[28],"crucial":[29],"users":[32],"when":[33],"malicious":[34],"steps":[35],"taken":[37],"since":[38],"they":[39],"must":[40],"deal":[41],"an":[43],"increase":[44],"in":[45,58,119,151,204],"number":[47],"of":[48,71,90,97,107,111,139,143,201],"valid":[49],"communications":[50],"being":[51],"marked":[52],"as":[53,208,210],"spam.":[54],"By":[55],"finding":[56],"patterns":[57],"communications,":[60],"detection":[62],"systems":[63],"(SDS)":[64],"have":[65],"been":[66],"developed":[67],"to":[68,128],"keep":[69],"track":[70],"spammers":[72],"filter":[74],"activity.":[76],"SDS":[77],"has":[78],"enhanced":[80],"tool":[82],"detecting":[84],"reducing":[87],"rate":[89],"false":[91],"positives":[92],"increasing":[94],"accuracy":[96],"detection.":[98],"The":[99,109,178],"difficulty":[100],"classifiers":[103],"is":[104,155],"abundance":[106],"features.":[108],"importance":[110],"feature":[112,122,165],"selection":[113,123],"(FS)":[114],"comes":[115],"from":[116],"its":[117],"role":[118],"directing":[120],"algorithm\u2019s":[124],"search":[125],"ways":[127],"improve":[129],"SDS\u2019s":[131],"classification":[132],"performance":[133,142,181],"accuracy.":[135],"As":[136],"a":[137,148,199],"means":[138],"enhancing":[140],"SDS,":[145],"we":[146],"use":[147],"wrapper":[149],"technique":[150],"this":[152],"study":[153],"that":[154,194],"based":[156],"on":[157],"multi-objective":[159],"grasshopper":[160],"optimization":[161],"algorithm":[162,172],"(MOGOA)":[163],"extraction":[166],"recently":[169],"revised":[170],"EGOA":[171],"multilayer":[174],"perceptron":[175],"(MLP)":[176],"training.":[177],"suggested":[179],"system\u2019s":[180],"was":[182],"verified":[183],"using":[184],"SpamBase,":[186],"SpamAssassin,":[187],"UK-2011":[189],"datasets.":[190],"Our":[191],"research":[192],"showed":[193],"our":[195],"novel":[196],"approach":[197],"outperformed":[198],"variety":[200],"established":[202],"practices":[203],"literature":[206],"much":[209],"97.5%,":[211],"98.3%,":[212],"96.4%":[214],"respectively.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}