{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295856529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204053","title":"Remote Sensing Image Detection Based on YOLOv4 Improvements","display_name":"Remote Sensing Image Detection Based on YOLOv4 Improvements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295856529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09875273.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09875273.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040281600","display_name":"Xunkai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunkai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101453830","display_name":"Jingyi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-6243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392409","display_name":"Haiyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108149359","display_name":"Chenxu Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxu Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730692","display_name":"Li Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Information Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Information Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030607091","display_name":"Zhanlin Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["CN","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanlin Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-3773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002555209","display_name":"\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["BG","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ganchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","Department of Computer Systems, University of Plovdiv \"Paisii Hilendarski\", Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-7087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, University of Plovdiv \"Paisii Hilendarski\", Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84874332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"95527","last_page":"95538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781205415725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6881386041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6216228008270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5628861784934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5433709025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5147740840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4924355447292328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45854854583740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3504315912723541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3219382166862488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781205415725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6881386041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6216228008270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5628861784934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5433709025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5147740840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4924355447292328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45854854583740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3504315912723541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3219382166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09875273.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec390682936c4185a54a05e0654bb6b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec390682936c4185a54a05e0654bb6b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 95527-95538 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sci-gems.math.bas.bg:10525/4426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/4426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401343","display_name":"Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library (BulDML) at IMI-BAS (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210105926","host_organization_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3204053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3204053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09875273.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2322810405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0135700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320862","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295856529.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295856529.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W2100495423","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2462831000","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2792147336","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2915824159","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2967487473","https://openalex.org/W2990578762","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2996275178","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3033215168","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3187682405","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6718683173","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6788520541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348909947","https://openalex.org/W4292672442","https://openalex.org/W2362101859","https://openalex.org/W2791431590","https://openalex.org/W2941610985","https://openalex.org/W4235810826","https://openalex.org/W3000105423","https://openalex.org/W2350688482","https://openalex.org/W2122135111","https://openalex.org/W2053575972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,34,143],"image":[2,53,144],"target":[3,29,70],"object":[4,30],"detection":[5,31,62,145],"and":[6,14,47,55,60,63,130,173,185,199,211,219,221],"recognition":[7],"are":[8,18],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"both":[11,168],"in":[12,32,51,72,91,165,187],"military":[13],"civil":[15],"fields.":[16],"There":[17],"many":[19],"models":[20],"proposed":[21,90,161],"for":[22],"this":[23,82,92,166],"purpose,":[24],"but":[25],"their":[26],"effectiveness":[27],"on":[28,95,153,213,223],"remote":[33,142],"images":[35,73],"is":[36,74,89],"not":[37],"ideal":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,67,78,136,139],"the":[41,96,106,115,123,141,160,169,190,214,224],"influence":[42],"of":[43,189,209],"climate":[44],"conditions,":[45],"obstacles":[46],"confusing":[48],"objects":[49,71],"presented":[50],"images,":[52],"clarity,":[54],"associated":[56],"problems":[57],"with":[58,100,110,122],"small-target":[59],"multi-target":[61],"recognition.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"how":[66],"accurately":[68],"detect":[69],"an":[75],"urgent":[76],"problem":[77],"be":[79],"solved.":[80],"To":[81],"end,":[83],"a":[84,111,132],"novel":[85],"model,":[86],"called":[87],"YOLOv4_CE,":[88],"paper,":[93],"based":[94],"classical":[97],"YOLOv4":[98,137,171],"model":[99,163,172],"added":[101],"improvements,":[102],"resulting":[103],"from":[104],"replacing":[105,114],"backbone":[107],"feature-extraction":[108],"network":[109],"ConvNeXt":[112],"network,":[113],"Complete":[116],"Intersection":[117,125],"over":[118,126],"Union":[119,127],"(CIoU)":[120],"loss":[121],"Efficient":[124],"(EIoU)":[128],"loss,":[129],"adding":[131],"coordinate":[133],"attention":[134],"mechanism":[135],"as":[138],"improve":[140],"capabilities.":[146],"The":[147],"results,":[148],"obtained":[149],"through":[150],"experiments":[151],"conducted":[152],"two":[154],"open":[155],"data":[156,217,226],"sets,":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"that":[159],"YOLOv4_CE":[162],"outperforms,":[164],"regard,":[167],"original":[170],"four":[174],"other":[175],"state-of-the-art":[176],"models,":[177],"namely":[178],"Faster":[179],"R-CNN,":[180,184],"Gliding":[181],"Vertex,":[182],"Oriented":[183],"EfficientDet,":[186],"terms":[188],"mean":[191],"average":[192],"precision":[193],"(":[194],"<italic":[195,200],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[196,201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">mAP</i>":[197],")":[198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F1":[202],"score</i>":[203],",":[204],"by":[205],"achieving":[206],"respective":[207],"values":[208],"95.03%":[210],"0.933":[212],"NWPU":[215],"VHR-10":[216],"set,":[218],"95.89%":[220],"0.937":[222],"RSOD":[225],"set.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
