{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293731890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202914","title":"Cyber-Security of Industrial Internet of Things in Electric Power Systems","display_name":"Cyber-Security of Industrial Internet of Things in Electric Power Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293731890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202914","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869831.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869831.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003874998","display_name":"Hamed Sarjan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Sarjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115599773","display_name":"Amir Ameli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Ameli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052464384","display_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-5734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1555,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9180554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"92390","last_page":"92409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7680712938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7516554594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-internet","display_name":"Industrial Internet","score":0.6209558844566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.5995661616325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.5955137014389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.559846818447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5277743339538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-attack","display_name":"Cyber-attack","score":0.5268213748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.45981937646865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.45676422119140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33829015493392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.26897966861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.24060487747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.19620397686958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14074265956878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13762885332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10715699195861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08268186450004578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7680712938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516554594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202839342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740481","display_name":"Industrial Internet","level":3,"score":0.6209558844566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.5995661616325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.5955137014389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.559846818447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5277743339538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201307755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber-attack","level":2,"score":0.5268213748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45981937646865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.45676422119140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33829015493392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.26897966861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24060487747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.19620397686958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14074265956878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13762885332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10715699195861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08268186450004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202914","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869831.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f5b6492a19747a88a3f361f73c150cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f5b6492a19747a88a3f361f73c150cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 92390-92409 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202914","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869831.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5762862145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ALLRP-566258-21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293731890.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293731890.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1940397557","https://openalex.org/W1971673042","https://openalex.org/W1976262362","https://openalex.org/W1985348118","https://openalex.org/W1988115241","https://openalex.org/W1991883651","https://openalex.org/W1997037234","https://openalex.org/W2016139252","https://openalex.org/W2022406843","https://openalex.org/W2029758586","https://openalex.org/W2030370258","https://openalex.org/W2035424196","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2040503143","https://openalex.org/W2043280085","https://openalex.org/W2049533161","https://openalex.org/W2050131929","https://openalex.org/W2052650124","https://openalex.org/W2061975647","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065858973","https://openalex.org/W2068028694","https://openalex.org/W2068220298","https://openalex.org/W2084752903","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2108270621","https://openalex.org/W2109878465","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2129815617","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2167225911","https://openalex.org/W2243325843","https://openalex.org/W2246231825","https://openalex.org/W2276188023","https://openalex.org/W2276715143","https://openalex.org/W2293605433","https://openalex.org/W2307156296","https://openalex.org/W2322987107","https://openalex.org/W2402794349","https://openalex.org/W2407991977","https://openalex.org/W2426218908","https://openalex.org/W2438818146","https://openalex.org/W2497179706","https://openalex.org/W2508140118","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2545086493","https://openalex.org/W2557450880","https://openalex.org/W2560411358","https://openalex.org/W2561342496","https://openalex.org/W2575501069","https://openalex.org/W2586432806","https://openalex.org/W2586755859","https://openalex.org/W2601172051","https://openalex.org/W2603425044","https://openalex.org/W2605955588","https://openalex.org/W2612281374","https://openalex.org/W2613814461","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2622610444","https://openalex.org/W2738792436","https://openalex.org/W2744532080","https://openalex.org/W2747666561","https://openalex.org/W2760017128","https://openalex.org/W2766717610","https://openalex.org/W2774563647","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2784714515","https://openalex.org/W2789731659","https://openalex.org/W2790799828","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2805384477","https://openalex.org/W2805611890","https://openalex.org/W2806199268","https://openalex.org/W2810564997","https://openalex.org/W2883088980","https://openalex.org/W2884028929","https://openalex.org/W2885623796","https://openalex.org/W2886149729","https://openalex.org/W2887792592","https://openalex.org/W2887949427","https://openalex.org/W2889165715","https://openalex.org/W2889513721","https://openalex.org/W2891512841","https://openalex.org/W2892832361","https://openalex.org/W2897475131","https://openalex.org/W2897514040","https://openalex.org/W2899256576","https://openalex.org/W2899357412","https://openalex.org/W2899764587","https://openalex.org/W2902260674","https://openalex.org/W2903774075","https://openalex.org/W2909797605","https://openalex.org/W2913632136","https://openalex.org/W2916086000","https://openalex.org/W2930809433","https://openalex.org/W2937007878","https://openalex.org/W2939825219","https://openalex.org/W2940698126","https://openalex.org/W2946515855","https://openalex.org/W2948498189","https://openalex.org/W2948502305","https://openalex.org/W2952730772","https://openalex.org/W2964037239","https://openalex.org/W2966979469","https://openalex.org/W2968774960","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2980633110","https://openalex.org/W2983008824","https://openalex.org/W2999804243","https://openalex.org/W3000424131","https://openalex.org/W3001576933","https://openalex.org/W3006660499","https://openalex.org/W3008343234","https://openalex.org/W3011266834","https://openalex.org/W3015246755","https://openalex.org/W3021282119","https://openalex.org/W3027145975","https://openalex.org/W3030941702","https://openalex.org/W3043323549","https://openalex.org/W3043799819","https://openalex.org/W3047314667","https://openalex.org/W3081071208","https://openalex.org/W3085712007","https://openalex.org/W3085854806","https://openalex.org/W3088127267","https://openalex.org/W3092700897","https://openalex.org/W3126238836","https://openalex.org/W3131786085","https://openalex.org/W3136449072","https://openalex.org/W3158764183","https://openalex.org/W3160751182","https://openalex.org/W3166630929","https://openalex.org/W3168047084","https://openalex.org/W3185180019","https://openalex.org/W3198264701","https://openalex.org/W3198859501","https://openalex.org/W3200617211","https://openalex.org/W3203932036","https://openalex.org/W3204101040","https://openalex.org/W3204707083","https://openalex.org/W4206362926","https://openalex.org/W4235462833","https://openalex.org/W4248795054","https://openalex.org/W4323254977","https://openalex.org/W4323254978","https://openalex.org/W6637223817","https://openalex.org/W6713309242","https://openalex.org/W6723473538","https://openalex.org/W6737263012","https://openalex.org/W6761174114","https://openalex.org/W6761452217","https://openalex.org/W6762005927","https://openalex.org/W6781421413","https://openalex.org/W6782013536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614996178","https://openalex.org/W1539928967","https://openalex.org/W2974346246","https://openalex.org/W4242728933","https://openalex.org/W2783141896","https://openalex.org/W2493430149","https://openalex.org/W2971541747","https://openalex.org/W4288049909","https://openalex.org/W3203827585","https://openalex.org/W4283792068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"Power":[1],"Systems":[2],"(EPSs)":[3],"are":[4,198,205],"among":[5],"the":[6,61,105,116,124,156],"most":[7],"critical":[8],"infrastructures":[9],"of":[10,33,68,84,110,126,158],"any":[11],"society,":[12],"since":[13],"they":[14],"significantly":[15],"impact":[16],"other":[17],"infrastructures.":[18],"Recently,":[19],"there":[20],"has":[21,51],"been":[22,72],"a":[23,89,178],"trend":[24],"toward":[25],"implementing":[26],"modern":[27],"technologies,":[28],"such":[29,111],"as":[30],"Industrial":[31],"Internet":[32],"Things":[34],"(IIoT),":[35],"in":[36,101,129,161,196],"EPSs":[37,53,102,197],"to":[38,54,104,122,144,190],"enhance":[39],"their":[40,135,165],"real-time":[41],"monitoring,":[42],"control,":[43],"situational":[44],"awareness,":[45],"and":[46,75,78,107,134,137,141,163,185,200],"intelligence.":[47],"This":[48],"movement,":[49],"however,":[50],"exposed":[52],"various":[55,172],"cyber":[56],"intrusions":[57],"that":[58,66],"originate":[59],"from":[60],"IIoT":[62,99,146,194],"ecosystem.":[63],"Statistics":[64],"show":[65],"38%":[67],"reported":[69],"attacks":[70,133],"have":[71,87],"against":[73,174,193],"power":[74,85],"water":[76],"infrastructure,":[77],"so":[79],"far":[80],"at":[81],"least":[82],"91%":[83],"utilities":[86],"experienced":[88],"cyber-attack.":[90],"The":[91],"cyber-security":[92],"problem":[93],"is":[94,120],"even":[95],"more":[96],"severe":[97],"for":[98],"applications":[100,128,157],"due":[103],"vulnerabilities":[106,125],"resource":[108],"limitations":[109],"applications.":[112],"Thus,":[113],"based":[114],"on":[115,155,181],"above":[117],"statistics,":[118],"it":[119,169],"necessary":[121],"investigate":[123],"IIoT-based":[127,159],"EPSs,":[130,162,176],"identify":[131],"probable":[132],"consequences,":[136],"develop":[138],"intrusion":[139],"prevention":[140],"detection":[142,203],"approaches":[143],"secure":[145],"systems.":[147],"On":[148],"this":[149,151],"basis,":[150],"paper":[152],"first":[153],"elaborates":[154],"systems":[160,195],"evaluates":[164],"security":[166],"challenges.":[167],"Afterwards,":[168],"comprehensively":[170],"reviews":[171],"cyber-attacks":[173],"IIoT-assisted":[175],"with":[177],"particular":[179],"focus":[180],"attack":[182,202],"entry":[183],"points":[184],"adversarial":[186],"methods.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"efforts":[189],"prevent":[191],"cyber-intrusions":[192],"explained,":[199],"different":[201],"techniques":[204],"discussed.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
