{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293733616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202807","title":"STLGBM-DDS: An Efficient Data Balanced DoS Detection System for Wireless Sensor Networks on Big Data Environment","display_name":"STLGBM-DDS: An Efficient Data Balanced DoS Detection System for Wireless Sensor Networks on Big Data Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293733616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869814.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869814.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061127628","display_name":"Murat Dener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-6141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95634034","display_name":"Gazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/054xkpr46","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murat Dener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012609849","display_name":"Samed Al","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95634034","display_name":"Gazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/054xkpr46","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samed Al","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030574120","display_name":"Abdullah Orman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Orman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technologies, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey","ld&#x0131","r&#x0131","m Beyaz&#x0131","t University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technologies, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ld&#x0131","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"r&#x0131","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"m Beyaz&#x0131","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"t University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061127628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95634034"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.7046,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95147256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"92931","last_page":"92945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8411899209022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.708808183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6430270075798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.5100663304328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.5057837963104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.45630401372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4516344964504242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43394961953163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3464449942111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33295759558677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19563251733779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.15111559629440308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8411899209022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.708808183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6430270075798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5100663304328918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.5057837963104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45630401372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4516344964504242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43394961953163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3464449942111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33295759558677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19563251733779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.15111559629440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869814.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:fc2f7efc-6121-41be-bb07-f97463f32584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/fc2f7efc-6121-41be-bb07-f97463f32584/oai","pdf_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/fc2f7efc-6121-41be-bb07-f97463f32584/oai/document.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8428a9136083415ca6f235713dfa4204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8428a9136083415ca6f235713dfa4204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 92931-92945 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869814.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293733616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293733616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571200655","https://openalex.org/W1534489247","https://openalex.org/W1581587400","https://openalex.org/W1987356990","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2011778831","https://openalex.org/W2138029461","https://openalex.org/W2139687029","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2150088099","https://openalex.org/W2157941646","https://openalex.org/W2162176119","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2525336835","https://openalex.org/W2785881462","https://openalex.org/W2793350103","https://openalex.org/W2799686286","https://openalex.org/W2886822894","https://openalex.org/W2910197492","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2948000013","https://openalex.org/W2979829384","https://openalex.org/W2999653488","https://openalex.org/W3027870121","https://openalex.org/W3039274670","https://openalex.org/W3083285969","https://openalex.org/W3088582808","https://openalex.org/W3092236329","https://openalex.org/W3122385966","https://openalex.org/W3131074427","https://openalex.org/W3133624139","https://openalex.org/W3135011374","https://openalex.org/W3156522613","https://openalex.org/W3157757375","https://openalex.org/W3170928516","https://openalex.org/W3195631217","https://openalex.org/W3216833217","https://openalex.org/W4200465382","https://openalex.org/W4205957238","https://openalex.org/W4206297860","https://openalex.org/W4214849306","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4236708806","https://openalex.org/W4253925510","https://openalex.org/W4389493609","https://openalex.org/W6745609711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243126553","https://openalex.org/W4235480743","https://openalex.org/W3036148153","https://openalex.org/W4291700801","https://openalex.org/W2074148701","https://openalex.org/W2131144012","https://openalex.org/W2145057176","https://openalex.org/W4390750143","https://openalex.org/W2260771218","https://openalex.org/W4285229239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Networks(WSNs)":[2],"are":[3],"vulnerable":[4],"to":[5,54,59,98,202,212,231],"a":[6,45,134,180],"variety":[7],"of":[8,22,34,102,112,145,157,189],"unique":[9,46],"security":[10],"risks":[11],"and":[12,18,92,118,149,175,207],"threats":[13],"in":[14,81,138,224,228],"their":[15],"data":[16,79,90,103,108,140,147],"collection":[17],"transmission":[19],"processes.":[20,95],"One":[21],"the":[23,35,39,100,139,154,158,168,182,213,216],"most":[24],"common":[25],"attacks":[26,57],"on":[27,75,105,153],"WSNs":[28,229],"that":[29],"can":[30],"target":[31],"all":[32],"layers":[33],"protocol":[36],"stack":[37],"is":[38,52,64,73],"DoS":[40,47,56,225],"attack.":[41],"In":[42,96,126],"this":[43],"study,":[44],"Intrusion":[48],"Detection":[49],"System":[50],"(DDS)":[51],"proposed":[53,62,183,217],"detect":[55],"specific":[58],"WSNs.":[60],"The":[61,143,162],"system":[63,69,106,159],"an":[65,186],"ensemble":[66],"intrusion":[67],"detection":[68,155,227],"called":[70,122],"STLGBM-DDS,":[71],"which":[72],"developed":[74],"Apache":[76],"Spark":[77],"big":[78],"platform":[80],"Google":[82],"Colab":[83],"environment,":[84],"combining":[85],"LightGBM":[86],"machine":[87],"learning":[88],"algorithm,":[89],"balancing":[91,148],"feature":[93,135,150],"selection":[94,136,151],"order":[97],"reduce":[99],"effects":[101,144],"imbalance":[104,109],"performance,":[107],"processing":[110],"consisting":[111],"Synthetic":[113],"Minority":[114],"Oversampling":[115],"Technique":[116],"(SMOTE)":[117],"Tomek-Links":[119],"sampling":[120],"methods":[121],"STL":[123],"was":[124,131],"used.":[125],"addition,":[127],"Information":[128],"Gain":[129],"Ratio":[130],"used":[132],"as":[133],"technique":[137],"preprocessing":[141],"stage.":[142],"both":[146],"stages":[152],"performance":[156,200],"were":[160,165],"investigated.":[161],"results":[163,214,223],"obtained":[164],"evaluated":[166],"using":[167],"Accuracy,":[169],"F-Measure,":[170],"Precision,":[171],"Recall,":[172],"ROC":[173],"Curve":[174,177],"Precision-Recall":[176],"parameters.":[178],"As":[179],"result,":[181],"method":[184,218],"achieved":[185,193,220],"overall":[187],"accuracy":[188,199],"99.95%.":[190],"Also,":[191],"it":[192],"99.99%,":[194],"99.96%,":[195],"99.98%,":[196],"99.92%,":[197],"99.87%":[198],"according":[201],"Normal,":[203],"Grayhole,":[204],"Blackhole,":[205],"TDMA":[206],"Flooding":[208],"classes,":[209],"respectively.":[210],"According":[211],"obtained,":[215],"has":[219],"very":[221],"successful":[222],"attack":[226],"compared":[230],"current":[232],"methods.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}