{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293370940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201865","title":"Ultra-Wideband Compact Millimeter-Wave Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Directional Couplers for 5G Applications","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Compact Millimeter-Wave Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Directional Couplers for 5G Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293370940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201865","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09868012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09868012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020633134","display_name":"Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-2851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068847331","display_name":"Osama M. Haraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama M. Haraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848092","display_name":"Islam Afifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islam Afifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-0915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076117209","display_name":"Abdel-Razik Sebak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-6735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdel-Razik Sebak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-6735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030709330","display_name":"Tayeb A. Denidni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayeb A. Denidni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81200147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"90706","last_page":"90714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.821740984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.738952100276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6088950037956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.5930238366127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-coupler","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","score":0.48601728677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.45128753781318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4294237792491913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4270632266998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.41232308745384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.37434813380241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3709757328033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24771648645401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23985722661018372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.821740984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.738952100276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6088950037956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.5930238366127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80185135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","level":3,"score":0.48601728677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.45128753781318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4294237792491913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4270632266998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.41232308745384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.37434813380241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3709757328033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24771648645401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23985722661018372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201865","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09868012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a162fc62b9574d18968bee1c24e9764e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a162fc62b9574d18968bee1c24e9764e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 90706-90714 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201865","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09868012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293370940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293370940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503725248","https://openalex.org/W1543048221","https://openalex.org/W2002989934","https://openalex.org/W2026898649","https://openalex.org/W2034847907","https://openalex.org/W2070057064","https://openalex.org/W2082748334","https://openalex.org/W2085502121","https://openalex.org/W2090966715","https://openalex.org/W2116472603","https://openalex.org/W2125948725","https://openalex.org/W2141931757","https://openalex.org/W2143066024","https://openalex.org/W2160595416","https://openalex.org/W2164141627","https://openalex.org/W2169799540","https://openalex.org/W2581610770","https://openalex.org/W2597046580","https://openalex.org/W2606390924","https://openalex.org/W2615309685","https://openalex.org/W2616143193","https://openalex.org/W2776710665","https://openalex.org/W2782416845","https://openalex.org/W2804374847","https://openalex.org/W2891869238","https://openalex.org/W2899985056","https://openalex.org/W2917314663","https://openalex.org/W2918775705","https://openalex.org/W2921671193","https://openalex.org/W2953818329","https://openalex.org/W2979694758","https://openalex.org/W3000613600","https://openalex.org/W3011268513","https://openalex.org/W3013048271","https://openalex.org/W3156258447","https://openalex.org/W3204300728","https://openalex.org/W3214861554","https://openalex.org/W3217523934","https://openalex.org/W4248929385","https://openalex.org/W6646191361","https://openalex.org/W6802461290","https://openalex.org/W6960586941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161945183","https://openalex.org/W2382532184","https://openalex.org/W2011132542","https://openalex.org/W1995492092","https://openalex.org/W2811300416","https://openalex.org/W2055176979","https://openalex.org/W2166881591","https://openalex.org/W2167835150","https://openalex.org/W2029783036","https://openalex.org/W2376854456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,17,72],"compact":[1],"ultra-wideband":[2],"printed":[3],"ridge":[4],"gap":[5],"waveguide":[6],"directional":[7],"couplers":[8,130],"for":[9,147],"millimeter-wave":[10,148],"applications":[11,149],"are":[12,142],"presented":[13],"in":[14,57],"this":[15,44],"paper.":[16],"multi-layer":[18],"coupling":[19,55],"technique":[20],"between":[21],"two":[22],"resonant":[23],"patches":[24],"is":[25,50,76,97,104],"adopted":[26],"to":[27,40,52,94],"achieve":[28,53],"a":[29,46,64,81,122,144],"wider":[30],"operating":[31],"bandwidth":[32,67,82,111],"with":[33,112,131],"better":[34],"amplitude":[35,114],"and":[36,78,139],"phase":[37,102],"balance":[38,103,115],"compared":[39],"single-layer":[41],"technology.":[42],"For":[43],"purpose,":[45],"systematic":[47],"design":[48],"procedure":[49],"deployed":[51],"several":[54],"values":[56],"the":[58,101,152],"range":[59],"of":[60,83,116],"3-10":[61],"dB":[62,120],"over":[63,108,121],"wide":[65],"frequency":[66],"centered":[68,124],"at":[69,125],"30":[70,126],"GHz.":[71,127],"3-dB":[73],"hybrid":[74],"coupler":[75],"fabricated":[77],"measured,":[79],"where":[80],"12":[84],"GHz":[85,93,96],"(about":[86],"38":[87],"%":[88],"fractional":[89,110],"bandwidth)":[90],"from":[91],"25":[92],"37":[95],"achieved.":[98],"In":[99],"addition,":[100],"90°":[105],"±":[106,118],"5°":[107],"38%":[109],"an":[113],"3.4":[117],"0.5":[119],"26.5%":[123],"The":[128],"proposed":[129],"superior":[132],"characteristics":[133],"such":[134,150],"as":[135,151],"compactness,":[136],"low":[137,140],"loss,":[138],"dispersion":[141],"considered":[143],"good":[145],"candidate":[146],"fifth-generation":[153],"(5G)":[154],"wireless":[155],"communications.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2022-08-28T00:00:00"}