{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292387276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199873","title":"Prognostication of Failures Using Signal-to-Noise Ratio to Determine Partial Discharges Activities in Power Transformers","display_name":"Prognostication of Failures Using Signal-to-Noise Ratio to Determine Partial Discharges Activities in Power Transformers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292387276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09861640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09861640.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983514","display_name":"Muhammad Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103041198","display_name":"Muhammad Saad Rehan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-9898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saad Rehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027061139","display_name":"Fahad R. Albogamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-860X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad R. Albogamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","Turabah University College, Computer Sciences Program, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turabah University College, Computer Sciences Program, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065394000","display_name":"Sadia Murawwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-0111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161237661","display_name":"Lahore College for Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bf6br77","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161237661"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadia Murawwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161237661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045232264","display_name":"Abdul Basit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-5839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Basit","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032049626","display_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-9414"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101983514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5696078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"87500","last_page":"87507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-discharge","display_name":"Partial discharge","score":0.7017274498939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5230984687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.48139145970344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4739161431789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4327433705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3721575438976288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3477763533592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26452404260635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2438245713710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21572065353393555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.7017274498939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5230984687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48139145970344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4739161431789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4327433705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3721575438976288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3477763533592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26452404260635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2438245713710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21572065353393555}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09861640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:723784fa04624cfca372480ca18b91f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/723784fa04624cfca372480ca18b91f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 87500-87507 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09861640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2898799885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292387276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292387276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40404914","https://openalex.org/W777861460","https://openalex.org/W1671181356","https://openalex.org/W1894841155","https://openalex.org/W2008024367","https://openalex.org/W2055348395","https://openalex.org/W2073652841","https://openalex.org/W2095898306","https://openalex.org/W2106647318","https://openalex.org/W2119789055","https://openalex.org/W2159143230","https://openalex.org/W2533168551","https://openalex.org/W2533687251","https://openalex.org/W2585885615","https://openalex.org/W2603619892","https://openalex.org/W2607006418","https://openalex.org/W2607252822","https://openalex.org/W2724730420","https://openalex.org/W2754046460","https://openalex.org/W2789356663","https://openalex.org/W2789598991","https://openalex.org/W2808044953","https://openalex.org/W2896759955","https://openalex.org/W2911551151","https://openalex.org/W2915459786","https://openalex.org/W2925227264","https://openalex.org/W2956721024","https://openalex.org/W2970175758","https://openalex.org/W2970757488","https://openalex.org/W2973998715","https://openalex.org/W2984938747","https://openalex.org/W2996015829","https://openalex.org/W3010847500","https://openalex.org/W3131578317","https://openalex.org/W3160507558","https://openalex.org/W3187206939","https://openalex.org/W4230798895","https://openalex.org/W4241508805","https://openalex.org/W4253081539","https://openalex.org/W4300471453","https://openalex.org/W6601670391","https://openalex.org/W6637484289","https://openalex.org/W6675127851","https://openalex.org/W6735884497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2393409683","https://openalex.org/W4282008660","https://openalex.org/W2834849852","https://openalex.org/W2955994650","https://openalex.org/W2536936696","https://openalex.org/W2016042781","https://openalex.org/W2066632781","https://openalex.org/W2294135824","https://openalex.org/W2864363823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,101,118],"increase":[1],"in":[2,18,27,41,73,97,108,116],"number":[3],"of":[4,37,64,88,94,129],"power":[5,11,74,124],"transformer":[6,16,57,105,125],"necessitates":[7],"increased":[8],"awareness":[9],"among":[10],"system":[12],"engineers":[13],"to":[14,20,48,66,122],"monitor":[15],"health":[17],"order":[19],"avoid":[21,135],"complete":[22],"failures":[23,137],"that":[24],"may":[25],"results":[26],"prolonged":[28],"outages.":[29],"utilities,":[31],"nowadays,":[32],"are":[33],"exploring":[34],"different":[35,98,104],"ways":[36],"detecting":[38],"these":[39],"faults":[40,131],"an":[42],"early":[43],"stage.":[44],"This":[45,79],"paper":[46],"aims":[47],"present":[49],"a":[50,55],"real-time":[51],"monitoring":[52],"technique":[53,80,119],"for":[54,70,91,103,127],"three-phase":[56],"using":[58],"data":[59],"analytics.":[60],"Accordingly,":[61],"the":[62,82,86,139],"use":[63],"signal":[65],"noise":[67],"ratio":[68],"(SNR)":[69],"fault":[71],"detection":[72,128],"transformers":[75,96],"has":[76,111],"been":[77,112],"described.":[78],"determines":[81],"partial":[83],"discharge":[84],"with":[85],"help":[87],"sensors":[89],"needed":[90],"unique":[92],"identification":[93],"failed":[95],"test":[99],"systems.":[100],"SNR":[102],"coils":[106],"installed":[107],"field":[109],"conditions":[110],"compared":[113],"and":[114,132,138],"discussed":[115],"detail.":[117],"is":[120],"expected":[121],"enable":[123],"operators":[126],"incipient":[130],"thus":[133],"can":[134],"catastrophic":[136],"resultant":[140],"losses.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-08-20T00:00:00"}