{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292263672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199347","title":"Automated Optic Disc Segmentation Using Basis Splines-Based Active Contour","display_name":"Automated Optic Disc Segmentation Using Basis Splines-Based Active Contour","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292263672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199347","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09858149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09858149.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008534113","display_name":"J. H. Gagan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. H. Gagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-3076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019858744","display_name":"Harshit S. Shirsat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333540553","display_name":"Nitte University","ror":"https://ror.org/029nydt37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333540553"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshit S. Shirsat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte University, Nitte, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte University, Nitte, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333540553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022494976","display_name":"Yogish Kamath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-2595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76414455","display_name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal","ror":"https://ror.org/05hg48t65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I76414455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogish S. Kamath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I76414455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079631801","display_name":"Neetha I. R. Kuzhuppilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-829X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76414455","display_name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal","ror":"https://ror.org/05hg48t65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I76414455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neetha I. R. Kuzhuppilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I76414455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111698716","display_name":"J. R. Harish Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Harish Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-0429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82285012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"88152","last_page":"88163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7398052215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.7035622000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6960611939430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6516798734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6493412852287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-disc","display_name":"Optic disc","score":0.6133197546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5813271999359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","score":0.49772360920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43344929814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.34842514991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.16845989227294922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7398052215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.7035622000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6960611939430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6516798734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6493412852287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779735895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16873995","display_name":"Optic disc","level":3,"score":0.6133197546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5813271999359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581809","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","level":2,"score":0.49772360920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43344929814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.34842514991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.16845989227294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199347","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09858149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:235ccb5360e54295b690d524bce8b191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/235ccb5360e54295b690d524bce8b191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 88152-88163 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3199347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3199347","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09858149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3827048510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TAR/2019/000037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310071","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292263672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292263672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168681803","https://openalex.org/W228380312","https://openalex.org/W657953742","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1992086640","https://openalex.org/W2046901163","https://openalex.org/W2050921210","https://openalex.org/W2073431334","https://openalex.org/W2081178133","https://openalex.org/W2098408658","https://openalex.org/W2099540110","https://openalex.org/W2108824200","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2118345904","https://openalex.org/W2124541940","https://openalex.org/W2132022374","https://openalex.org/W2155561710","https://openalex.org/W2158642611","https://openalex.org/W2160605010","https://openalex.org/W2163151494","https://openalex.org/W2189051548","https://openalex.org/W2290915627","https://openalex.org/W2347185285","https://openalex.org/W2513326255","https://openalex.org/W2513367050","https://openalex.org/W2607394097","https://openalex.org/W2724534590","https://openalex.org/W2743704482","https://openalex.org/W2744773000","https://openalex.org/W2751806927","https://openalex.org/W2755129795","https://openalex.org/W2768357117","https://openalex.org/W2781827303","https://openalex.org/W2790291405","https://openalex.org/W2890764477","https://openalex.org/W2899254734","https://openalex.org/W2900403221","https://openalex.org/W2917714716","https://openalex.org/W2922524275","https://openalex.org/W2935464137","https://openalex.org/W2936234672","https://openalex.org/W2941075605","https://openalex.org/W2944284561","https://openalex.org/W2970663378","https://openalex.org/W2996805846","https://openalex.org/W3019982033","https://openalex.org/W3028288447","https://openalex.org/W3043858471","https://openalex.org/W3091649254","https://openalex.org/W3098547059","https://openalex.org/W3111341286","https://openalex.org/W3140251367","https://openalex.org/W3204826438","https://openalex.org/W3204860763","https://openalex.org/W4214526578","https://openalex.org/W4230104359","https://openalex.org/W4243966075","https://openalex.org/W6606880008","https://openalex.org/W6687197975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W2351917300","https://openalex.org/W2885157826","https://openalex.org/W2159463658","https://openalex.org/W4388208420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,138],"develop":[1],"a":[2,150,165],"fully":[3],"automated":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,115],"the":[7,31,44,50,64,68,88,94,116,119,126,135,142,188,193,198,202,209],"segmentation":[8,21,95,133],"of":[9,30,43,80,99,118,125,134,167,197],"optic":[10,69,100,136],"disc":[11,70,101],"in":[12],"retinal":[13,159],"fundus":[14,160,169],"images":[15],"using":[16,71,104],"basis-spline-based":[17,127],"active":[18,32,45,120,128],"contour.":[19,121],"The":[20,41,78,97,110],"is":[22,47,54,102,113,185],"achieved":[23,103],"by":[24,49],"performing":[25],"scaling,":[26],"translation,":[27],"and":[28,53,75,84,91,149,157,180,195],"rotation":[29],"contour,":[33],"thereby":[34],"giving":[35],"rise":[36],"to":[37,58,62,164,191],"five":[38,59],"free":[39,60],"parameters.":[40],"energy":[42],"contour":[46,129],"defined":[48],"local":[51,151],"contrast":[52],"optimized":[55,123],"with":[56],"respect":[57],"parameters":[61,200],"get":[63],"best":[65],"fit":[66],"on":[67,141,187],"gradient":[72,81],"descent":[73,82],"technique":[74,83],"Green&#x2019;s":[76,85],"theorem.":[77],"use":[79],"theorem":[86],"reduces":[87],"computational":[89],"cost":[90],"speeds":[92],"up":[93],"task.":[96],"detection":[98,111],"multiresolution-based":[105],"normalized":[106],"cross":[107],"correlation":[108],"technique.":[109],"point":[112],"used":[114],"initialization":[117],"Subsequent":[122],"evolution":[124],"provides":[130],"an":[131],"accurate":[132],"disc.":[137],"present":[139],"validations":[140],"databases":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"Drishti-GS,":[146],"MESSIDOR,":[147],"RIGA,":[148],"database":[152],"containing":[153],"101,":[154],"1200,":[155],"750,":[156],"942":[158],"images,":[161],"respectively,":[162],"amounting":[163],"total":[166],"2993":[168],"images.":[170],"Their":[171],"corresponding":[172],"Dice":[173],"index":[174],"scores":[175],"are":[176],"0.9182,":[177],"0.8912,":[178],"0.9331":[179],"0.9343.":[181],"Basic":[182],"data":[183],"exploration":[184],"done":[186],"results":[189],"obtained":[190],"visualize":[192],"trends":[194],"distribution":[196],"performance":[199,212],"throughout":[201],"databases.":[203],"This":[204],"also":[205],"helps":[206],"us":[207],"evaluate":[208],"algorithm&#x2019;s":[210],"overall":[211],"more":[213],"accurately.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
