{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291910326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687","title":"Detection Method for Randomly Generated User IDs: Lift the Curse of Dimensionality","display_name":"Detection Method for Randomly Generated User IDs: Lift the Curse of Dimensionality","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291910326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3198687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058689475","display_name":"Inwoo Ro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60922564","display_name":"Naver (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzrnx83","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inwoo Ro","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea","Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea","NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13561, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13561, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007577685","display_name":"BooJoong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-9867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boojoong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027980002","display_name":"Choonghyun Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-9266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60922564","display_name":"Naver (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzrnx83","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choonghyun Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea","NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13561, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-9266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13561, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009979103","display_name":"Eul Gyu Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-513X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eul Gyu Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-513X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52546139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"86020","last_page":"86028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8284497261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5774432420730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5602460503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.47329941391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.43755969405174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4115293025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3827574849128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3709583878517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3589363396167755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17080077528953552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284497261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5774432420730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5602460503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.47329941391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.43755969405174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4115293025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3827574849128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3709583878517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3589363396167755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17080077528953552}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3198687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:469986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3198687>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c05aa08daf674f1ba0f19b48f5323810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c05aa08daf674f1ba0f19b48f5323810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 86020-86028 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3198687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3198687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3164523449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007268/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17316494","https://openalex.org/W2027719216","https://openalex.org/W2136495567","https://openalex.org/W2546910111","https://openalex.org/W2773671123","https://openalex.org/W2786537343","https://openalex.org/W2786906486","https://openalex.org/W2808225372","https://openalex.org/W2902477057","https://openalex.org/W2914448461","https://openalex.org/W2941262352","https://openalex.org/W2942245271","https://openalex.org/W2945757489","https://openalex.org/W2948604473","https://openalex.org/W2979462950","https://openalex.org/W3019675698","https://openalex.org/W3020685193","https://openalex.org/W3035443238","https://openalex.org/W3110683067","https://openalex.org/W3114681532","https://openalex.org/W3150830482","https://openalex.org/W3154435685","https://openalex.org/W3156620671","https://openalex.org/W6633578641","https://openalex.org/W6729497825","https://openalex.org/W6786768871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W4391160746","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W2093956241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"services":[1,42],"are":[2,14],"essential":[3],"to":[4,47,54,84,99,132,180,190,208],"our":[5,221],"daily":[6],"life":[7],"in":[8,256],"these":[9,41,116],"days,":[10],"and":[11,32,86,98,216,246],"user":[12,45,74,93,228],"accounts":[13,46],"usually":[15],"required":[16],"for":[17,21,73,253],"downloading":[18],"or":[19,51],"browsing":[20],"multimedia":[22],"contents":[23],"from":[24,231],"service":[25],"providers":[26],"such":[27,102],"as":[28,128,272,274],"Yahoo,":[29],"Google,":[30],"YouTube":[31],"so":[33],"on.":[34],"Attackers":[35],"who":[36],"perform":[37],"malicious":[38,56,254],"actions":[39,57],"against":[40,101],"use":[43,52],"fake":[44,92],"hide":[48],"their":[49],"identity,":[50],"them":[53],"continue":[55],"even":[58],"after":[59,250],"being":[60,251],"caught":[61],"by":[62,212,240],"the":[63,81,108,140,143,148,156,163,166,192,197,232,265],"service\u2019s":[64],"detection":[65,117,167,270],"system.":[66],"Using":[67],"a":[68,88,129,161,206,241],"random":[69,242],"string":[70,77,243],"generation":[71,244],"algorithm":[72],"identification":[75],"(ID)":[76],"is":[78,126,169,189,205],"one":[79],"of":[80,91,142,145,150,158,165,194,199],"common":[82],"method":[83,222,267],"create":[85],"obtain":[87],"large":[89],"number":[90],"accounts.":[94],"To":[95],"detect":[96,111,133,181],"IDs":[97,184,229,238,248],"defend":[100],"attacks,":[103],"some":[104],"researchers":[105],"have":[106,139],"proposed":[107,266],"models":[109],"that":[110,264],"randomly":[112,134,182],"generated":[113,135,183,239],"IDs.":[114],"Among":[115],"models,":[118],"the${n}$-gram-based":[119],"using":[120,213],"term":[121],"frequency-inverse":[122],"document":[123],"frequency":[124],"model":[125,131],"regarded":[127],"state-of-the-art":[130],"IDs,":[136],"but${n}$-gram-based":[137],"approaches":[138],"problem":[141],"curse":[144,193],"dimensionality":[146,195],"because":[147],"sparsity":[149],"feature":[151,200],"vector":[152],"increases":[153],"exponentially":[154],"with":[155,196,223],"increase":[157],"size${n}$.":[159],"As":[160],"result,":[162],"improvement":[164],"accuracy":[168,271],"limited":[170],"since":[171],"size${n}$cannot":[172],"be":[173],"increased.":[174],"This":[175],"paper":[176],"proposes":[177],"two":[178],"methods":[179],"more":[185],"accurately.":[186],"The":[187,203,260],"first":[188],"avoid":[191],"compression":[198],"dimension":[201],"size.":[202],"second":[204],"technique":[207],"reduce":[209],"false":[210],"positives":[211],"pattern":[214],"matching":[215],"Bhattacharyya":[217],"distance.":[218],"We":[219],"tested":[220],"about":[224],"3":[225],"million":[226,237],"normal":[227],"collected":[230],"real":[233,257],"portal":[234,258],"service,":[235],"1":[236],"algorithm,":[245],"8,541":[247],"found":[249],"used":[252],"behavior":[255],"services.":[259],"experimental":[261],"results":[262],"showed":[263],"can":[268],"improve":[269],"well":[273],"inference":[275],"performance.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
