{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290716670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280","title":"Advancements in Spectral Power Distribution Modeling of Light-Emitting Diodes","display_name":"Advancements in Spectral Power Distribution Modeling of Light-Emitting Diodes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290716670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080721436","display_name":"Simon Benkner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Benkner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056032945","display_name":"Alexander Herzog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Herzog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032017454","display_name":"Stefan Klir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3174-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Klir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073722171","display_name":"W.D. van Driel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8882-2508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willem D. Van Driel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Components, Technology and Materials Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Components, Technology and Materials Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049187611","display_name":"Tran Quoc Khanh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-2459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tran Quoc Khanh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080721436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89299014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"83612","last_page":"83619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.9283000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9269000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromaticity","display_name":"Chromaticity","score":0.796390175819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiant-flux","display_name":"Radiant flux","score":0.6432483196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-power-distribution","display_name":"Spectral power distribution","score":0.6246325969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminous-flux","display_name":"Luminous flux","score":0.6089086532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5585485100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5033735632896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.4844089150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.47057029604911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46970412135124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4601588249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monochromatic-color","display_name":"Monochromatic color","score":0.4518265128135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-temperature","display_name":"Color temperature","score":0.44416800141334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.4397445321083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.3979320228099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2883639335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22554552555084229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201780734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5069880","display_name":"Chromaticity","level":2,"score":0.796390175819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55864363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253356","display_name":"Radiant flux","level":2,"score":0.6432483196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94360122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967557","display_name":"Spectral power distribution","level":2,"score":0.6246325969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110113834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107780","display_name":"Luminous flux","level":3,"score":0.6089086532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5585485100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5033735632896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.4844089150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47057029604911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46970412135124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4601588249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40833965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901438","display_name":"Monochromatic color","level":2,"score":0.4518265128135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110445762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327408","display_name":"Color temperature","level":2,"score":0.44416800141334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.4397445321083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3979320228099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2883639335632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22554552555084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92d298a94ce043a0a4c9f55d1152b04b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92d298a94ce043a0a4c9f55d1152b04b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 83612-83619 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:140863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/140863/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:c8eb2b13-2b4b-4012-8470-9b9fc7c01675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c8eb2b13-2b4b-4012-8470-9b9fc7c01675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7937563845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101007319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573855573","https://openalex.org/W1963479570","https://openalex.org/W1964922992","https://openalex.org/W1976416744","https://openalex.org/W2005396107","https://openalex.org/W2009285065","https://openalex.org/W2039620075","https://openalex.org/W2093221471","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2185288483","https://openalex.org/W2341120342","https://openalex.org/W2586494842","https://openalex.org/W2626964509","https://openalex.org/W2739029595","https://openalex.org/W2793232868","https://openalex.org/W2945515448","https://openalex.org/W2969684347","https://openalex.org/W2982651419","https://openalex.org/W2998307071","https://openalex.org/W3014853726","https://openalex.org/W3045503160","https://openalex.org/W3197502775","https://openalex.org/W4298898028","https://openalex.org/W4304143159","https://openalex.org/W4304161214","https://openalex.org/W6634239752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542078974","https://openalex.org/W2334991969","https://openalex.org/W3130420285","https://openalex.org/W2476674777","https://openalex.org/W2900023449","https://openalex.org/W1640973405","https://openalex.org/W3085934332","https://openalex.org/W4377833869","https://openalex.org/W2095170113","https://openalex.org/W2375943188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"unique":[1,49],"radiative,":[2],"photometric":[3,95],"and":[4,56,96,132,161,173,197],"colorimetric":[5,97],"characteristic":[6],"of":[7,34,58,88,119,134,151,157,170,187,190,230],"a":[8,38,79,84,115,129,149,205],"light-emitting":[9,163],"diode":[10,164],"is":[11,43,78,211,234],"derived":[12],"from":[13],"its":[14],"spectral":[15,75,123,154],"power":[16,76,124,155],"distribution.":[17],"Modeling":[18],"such":[19,99],"characteristics":[20],"with":[21,53],"respect":[22],"to":[23,47,73,213,236],"the":[24,48,74,94,145,215,238],"forward":[25,231],"current,":[26],"temperature":[27,177],"or":[28,103],"operating":[29],"time":[30],"has":[31],"been":[32],"subject":[33],"various":[35],"studies.":[36],"Deriving":[37],"simple":[39],"analytical":[40],"model,":[41],"however,":[42],"not":[44],"trivial":[45],"due":[46],"emission":[50],"pattern":[51],"varying":[52],"different":[54,122,136,153,174],"types":[55,178],"technologies":[57],"light":[59],"emitting":[60],"diodes.":[61],"For":[62],"this":[63],"purpose,":[64],"curve":[65],"fitting":[66],"multiple":[67],"superimposed":[68,206],"Gaussian":[69,218],"probability":[70,138],"density":[71,139],"functions":[72],"distribution":[77],"common":[80],"approach.":[81,240],"Despite":[82],"very":[83,120],"high":[85],"<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>":[86],"goodness":[87],"fit":[89],"results,":[90],"significant":[91],"deviations":[92],"within":[93],"parameters,":[98],"as":[100,165,167],"luminous":[101],"flux":[102],"chromaticity":[104,194],"coordinates,":[105],"are":[106],"observed.":[107],"In":[108,223],"addition,":[109,224],"most":[110],"studies":[111],"were":[112,183],"conducted":[113],"on":[114,148],"small":[116],"sample":[117],"set":[118],"few":[121],"distributions.":[125],"This":[126,201],"work":[127],"provides":[128],"comprehensive":[130],"comparison":[131],"evaluation":[133],"19":[135],"(superimposed)":[137],"function":[140],"based":[141],"models":[142,182],"provided":[143],"by":[144,185,221],"literature":[146],"tested":[147],"total":[150],"15":[152],"distributions":[156],"monochromatic":[158],"blue,":[159],"green":[160],"red":[162],"well":[166],"phosphor-converted":[168],"spectra":[169],"lime,":[171],"purple":[172],"correlated":[175],"color":[176],"white":[179],"samples.":[180],"All":[181],"evaluated":[184],"means":[186],"their":[188],"coefficient":[189],"determination,":[191],"radiant":[192],"flux,":[193],"coordinate":[195],"deviation":[196],"Bayesian":[198],"Information":[199],"Criterion.":[200],"study":[202],"shows":[203],"that":[204],"(split)":[207],"Pearson":[208],"VII":[209],"model":[210,219],"able":[212],"outperform":[214],"commonly":[216],"used":[217],"approach":[220],"far.":[222],"an":[225],"application":[226],"example":[227],"in":[228],"regard":[229],"current":[232],"dependence":[233],"given":[235],"prove":[237],"proposed":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}