{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289792422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3196377","title":"End-To-End Retina Image Synthesis Based on CGAN Using Class Feature Loss and Improved Retinal Detail Loss","display_name":"End-To-End Retina Image Synthesis Based on CGAN Using Class Feature Loss and Improved Retinal Detail Loss","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289792422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3196377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3196377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3196377","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09849644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09849644.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090076722","display_name":"Nan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-8156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051487216","display_name":"Liming Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6464-6017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023169451","display_name":"Xianbin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-1744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078977481","display_name":"Haixia Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-665X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071466958","display_name":"Jingyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-6360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090076722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1601,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8718464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"83125","last_page":"83137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8273388147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.760235071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.5422725081443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5380070209503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5341612100601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5119315385818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45848792791366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40456074476242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.0736578106880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07174697518348694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8273388147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.760235071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5422725081443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5380070209503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5341612100601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5119315385818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45848792791366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40456074476242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0736578106880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07174697518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3196377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3196377","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09849644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa26f59e24ee4e5cb6ebc48e5f2119aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa26f59e24ee4e5cb6ebc48e5f2119aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 83125-83137 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3196377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3196377","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09849644.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289792422.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289792422.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W2099801199","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2431146319","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2726555724","https://openalex.org/W2761299546","https://openalex.org/W2794022343","https://openalex.org/W2810924486","https://openalex.org/W2890139949","https://openalex.org/W2947458823","https://openalex.org/W2951727855","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2998240002","https://openalex.org/W3090043060","https://openalex.org/W3092325964","https://openalex.org/W3096698743","https://openalex.org/W3102651566","https://openalex.org/W3111166321","https://openalex.org/W3122431193","https://openalex.org/W3160545457","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6717898824","https://openalex.org/W6732499564","https://openalex.org/W6740861035","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W7010353513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2374520121","https://openalex.org/W4387265590","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2394034517","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W2364945429","https://openalex.org/W4388037085","https://openalex.org/W3032712071","https://openalex.org/W4386159726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinal":[0],"images":[1,58,156,184,191,201,211,256],"are":[2,63,216,231],"the":[3,15,21,35,42,71,85,111,116,122,149,154,162,172,177,182,189,199,206,213,223,227,235,243,262],"most":[4],"direct":[5],"and":[6,65,103,119,157,226,237,242,264],"effective":[7],"basis":[8],"for":[9],"Diabetic":[10],"Retinopathy":[11],"(DR)":[12],"diagnosis.":[13,40,80],"With":[14],"rapid":[16],"development":[17],"of":[18,23,37,44,53,73,87,148,205,239,245],"deep":[19,29,45,74],"learning,":[20],"technology":[22,76],"retinal":[24,57,89,105,127,131,246],"image-assisted":[25],"diagnosis":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28,260],"learning":[30,75],"is":[31,134,141],"widely":[32],"used":[33,232],"in":[34,77,153,165,192],"field":[36],"DR":[38,78],"intelligent":[39,79],"However,":[41],"training":[43],"neural":[46],"network":[47,98,109,215],"usually":[48],"requires":[49],"a":[50],"large":[51],"number":[52],"annotated":[54,59],"samples,":[55],"but":[56],"by":[60,212],"professional":[61],"doctors":[62],"cost-expensive":[64],"difficult":[66],"to":[67,83,124,143,185,233],"obtain,":[68],"which":[69,140,160,196,230],"limits":[70],"application":[72],"In":[81,175],"order":[82],"alleviate":[84],"scarcity":[86],"labelled":[88],"images,":[90,241],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"an":[93],"end-to-end":[94],"conditional":[95],"generative":[96],"adversarial":[97,117],"with":[99,115,188],"class":[100,178,193],"feature":[101,179],"loss":[102,133,139,159,180],"improved":[104],"detail":[106,132,138],"loss.":[107],"The":[108,129,209],"combines":[110],"above":[112],"two":[113],"losses":[114],"loss,":[118],"jointly":[120],"constrains":[121,181],"generator":[123],"generate":[125],"high-quality":[126],"images.":[128],"proposed":[130,214],"summed":[135],"over":[136],"physiological":[137,150],"meant":[142],"preserve":[144],"high-level":[145],"semantic":[146],"features":[147,164,194,204],"details":[151],"contained":[152],"fundus":[155],"pixel":[158],"ensures":[161],"low-level":[163],"synthesized":[166,183,200,255],"image":[167],"will":[168],"not":[169],"deviate":[170],"from":[171,218],"real":[173,190],"image.":[174],"addition,":[176],"be":[186],"consistent":[187],"representation,":[195],"further":[197],"makes":[198],"have":[202,257],"pathological":[203],"corresponding":[207],"grade.":[208],"generated":[210,240],"evaluated":[217],"three":[219],"objective":[220],"metrics":[221],"including":[222],"subjective":[224],"effect":[225,244],"FID,":[228],"SWD,":[229],"evaluate":[234],"quality":[236,263],"diversity":[238],"vessel":[247],"segmentation,":[248],"respectively.":[249],"Experimental":[250],"results":[251],"demonstrate":[252],"that":[253],"our":[254],"superior":[258],"performance":[259],"both":[261],"quantity.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
