{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286377510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3192860","title":"An End-to-End Smart IoT-Driven Navigation for Social Distancing Enforcement","display_name":"An End-to-End Smart IoT-Driven Navigation for Social Distancing Enforcement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286377510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3192860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3192860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3192860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09834931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09834931.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078681949","display_name":"Hamdi Friji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-6164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120884","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tudes Technologiques en Communications de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/02rfbsc53","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120884"]}],"countries":["TN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamdi Friji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","COM), Ariana, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-6164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COM), Ariana, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000472316","display_name":"Abdullah Khanfor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Khanfor","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Sciences and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia","College of Computer Sciences &#x0026"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-5309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Sciences and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Sciences &#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021394822","display_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057380866","display_name":"Yehia Massoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehia Massoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-0639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93562426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"76824","last_page":"76841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6421338319778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6165285110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.567385196685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distance","display_name":"Social distance","score":0.5286396145820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.49510565400123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4840518832206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4646213948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distancing","display_name":"Distancing","score":0.4559706747531891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.15011799335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07049715518951416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6421338319778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6165285110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.567385196685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.5286396145820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.49510565400123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4840518832206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4646213948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.4559706747531891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.15011799335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07049715518951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3192860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3192860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09834931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46c7c5527d454d53be6cf99f1026a997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46c7c5527d454d53be6cf99f1026a997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 76824-76841 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/679839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/679839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3192860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3192860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09834931.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3248355364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU/RC/SERC/11/6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","funder_display_name":"Najran University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286377510.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286377510.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016023958","https://openalex.org/W2026892459","https://openalex.org/W2060686364","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2187711291","https://openalex.org/W2273457870","https://openalex.org/W2549766072","https://openalex.org/W2590145195","https://openalex.org/W2901356545","https://openalex.org/W2907642217","https://openalex.org/W2907709209","https://openalex.org/W2909474849","https://openalex.org/W2950703532","https://openalex.org/W2956412641","https://openalex.org/W3007866917","https://openalex.org/W3010427554","https://openalex.org/W3011873113","https://openalex.org/W3013547516","https://openalex.org/W3017442015","https://openalex.org/W3019283372","https://openalex.org/W3023398824","https://openalex.org/W3023617420","https://openalex.org/W3036780875","https://openalex.org/W3045157036","https://openalex.org/W3046261225","https://openalex.org/W3082591845","https://openalex.org/W3083006614","https://openalex.org/W3091658553","https://openalex.org/W3094065720","https://openalex.org/W3098744844","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3121981693","https://openalex.org/W3124133426","https://openalex.org/W3127016991","https://openalex.org/W3174275205","https://openalex.org/W3176650358","https://openalex.org/W3177465897","https://openalex.org/W3178128432","https://openalex.org/W3205789177","https://openalex.org/W3210586215","https://openalex.org/W3211039544","https://openalex.org/W3215461129","https://openalex.org/W4210692860","https://openalex.org/W4280640539","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4307012650","https://openalex.org/W6687162122","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6756388556","https://openalex.org/W6781504725","https://openalex.org/W6948311120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034165649","https://openalex.org/W3022812738","https://openalex.org/W4405996572","https://openalex.org/W3206267557","https://openalex.org/W3135225779","https://openalex.org/W4396933035","https://openalex.org/W4231302758","https://openalex.org/W3195503335","https://openalex.org/W3123375363","https://openalex.org/W4232857257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,75,210],"unprecedented":[1],"global":[2],"spread":[3,23],"of":[4,29,82,118,150,212],"the":[5,25,80,85,98,107,111,116,123,148,163,175,187,200,213,243],"coronavirus":[6],"pandemic":[7],"COVID-19":[8],"has":[9,32],"significantly":[10],"promoted":[11],"novel":[12],"Internet-of-things":[13],"(IoT)-based":[14],"solutions":[15],"to":[16,40,65,78,84,128,146,185,189,205,231,242],"prevent,":[17],"combat,":[18],"monitor,":[19],"or":[20],"predict":[21],"virus":[22,86],"in":[24,115,224],"population.":[26],"proliferation":[28],"these":[30],"technologies":[31],"fostered":[33],"their":[34,129,134,170],"utilization":[35],"for":[36],"different":[37,112,155],"practical":[38],"use-cases":[39],"offer":[41],"reinforced":[42],"control,":[43],"discipline,":[44],"and":[45,60,87,136,197,219,234],"safety.":[46,198],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"an":[50,229],"end-to-end":[51],"smart":[52],"navigation":[53,68],"framework":[54,202],"that":[55,132],"uses":[56],"Social":[57],"IoT":[58,113,220],"(SIoT)":[59],"Artificial":[61],"Intelligence":[62],"(AI)":[63],"techniques":[64],"ensure":[66],"pedestrians&#x2019;":[67],"safety":[69,171,233],"through":[70],"a":[71,158,179,193],"given":[72],"geographical":[73],"area.":[74],"aim":[76],"is":[77,183,203,222],"mitigate":[79],"risks":[81],"exposure":[83],"impose":[88],"social":[89,108,151],"distancing":[90,152],"practices":[91],"while":[92,191],"avoiding":[93],"high-risk":[94],"areas":[95],"identified":[96],"from":[97],"SIoT":[99,130],"data.":[100,177],"First,":[101],"we":[102,121,141],"create":[103],"weighted":[104],"graphs":[105],"representing":[106,169],"relations":[109,131],"connecting":[110],"devices":[114,124],"area":[117],"interest.":[119],"Second,":[120],"regroup":[122],"into":[125],"communities":[126],"according":[127,241],"consider":[133],"locations":[135],"owners&#x2019;":[137],"friendship":[138],"levels.":[139],"Next,":[140],"extract":[142],"CCTV":[143],"recorded":[144],"videos":[145],"estimate":[147],"level":[149],"practice":[153],"on":[154,174,216],"roads":[156],"using":[157],"computer":[159],"vision":[160],"model.":[161],"Accordingly,":[162],"road":[164],"segments":[165],"are":[166],"assigned":[167],"weights":[168],"levels":[172],"based":[173],"extracted":[176],"Afterward,":[178],"graph-based":[180],"routing":[181],"algorithm":[182],"executed":[184],"recommend":[186],"route":[188],"follow":[190],"achieving":[192],"trade-off":[194],"between":[195],"speed":[196],"Finally,":[199],"proposed":[201,214],"generalized":[204],"enable":[206],"multi-user":[207],"coordinated":[208],"navigation.":[209],"feasibility":[211],"approach":[215],"real-world":[217],"maps":[218],"datasets":[221],"corroborated":[223],"our":[225],"simulation":[226],"results":[227],"showing":[228],"ability":[230],"balance":[232],"travel":[235],"distance,":[236],"which":[237],"can":[238],"be":[239],"adjusted":[240],"user&#x2019;s":[244],"preferences.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
