{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285190551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3189998","title":"A Blockchain Footprint for Authentication of IoT-Enabled Smart Devices in Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art Advancements, Challenges and Future Research Directions","display_name":"A Blockchain Footprint for Authentication of IoT-Enabled Smart Devices in Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art Advancements, Challenges and Future Research Directions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285190551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3189998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3189998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3189998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09827661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09827661.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041284282","display_name":"Usman Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-1557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-1557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049657421","display_name":"Mueen-Uddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105992","display_name":"Qatar Science and Technology Park","ror":"https://ror.org/01gshyb58","country_code":"QA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mueen-Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007781856","display_name":"Owais Ahmed Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owais Ahmed Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","Institute of Applied Data Analytics, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-5448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Data Analytics, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698089","display_name":"Saddam Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saddam Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-1330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":21.672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9948124,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"76805","last_page":"76823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7387638688087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6729822158813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6334625482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5107045769691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.48937028646469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4689858555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.44232478737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1054987907409668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7387638688087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6729822158813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6334625482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5107045769691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.48937028646469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4689858555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.44232478737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1054987907409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3189998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3189998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09827661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7bd3fbe090241c29a7ffde6f401e7db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7bd3fbe090241c29a7ffde6f401e7db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 76805-76823 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30227545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3189998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3189998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09827661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285190551.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285190551.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557852032","https://openalex.org/W1988243316","https://openalex.org/W2016102881","https://openalex.org/W2044803677","https://openalex.org/W2068220298","https://openalex.org/W2076587863","https://openalex.org/W2080858463","https://openalex.org/W2109960355","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2118036973","https://openalex.org/W2121845793","https://openalex.org/W2129368140","https://openalex.org/W2189394787","https://openalex.org/W2205797334","https://openalex.org/W2460566093","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2600332792","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2620766358","https://openalex.org/W2751986183","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2770790096","https://openalex.org/W2775571961","https://openalex.org/W2791256869","https://openalex.org/W2792007365","https://openalex.org/W2797742547","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2807966864","https://openalex.org/W2808182497","https://openalex.org/W2892077825","https://openalex.org/W2899429604","https://openalex.org/W2900345010","https://openalex.org/W2907793704","https://openalex.org/W2910735050","https://openalex.org/W2911505293","https://openalex.org/W2914768460","https://openalex.org/W2917527151","https://openalex.org/W2919782006","https://openalex.org/W2921009215","https://openalex.org/W2929305171","https://openalex.org/W2945809250","https://openalex.org/W2948993531","https://openalex.org/W2969213078","https://openalex.org/W2993463367","https://openalex.org/W2998493661","https://openalex.org/W3003524345","https://openalex.org/W3005560537","https://openalex.org/W3011857137","https://openalex.org/W3015471529","https://openalex.org/W3021763813","https://openalex.org/W3037314179","https://openalex.org/W3041006851","https://openalex.org/W3048730362","https://openalex.org/W3092309293","https://openalex.org/W3100427071","https://openalex.org/W3103503041","https://openalex.org/W3105750153","https://openalex.org/W3116169147","https://openalex.org/W3120131265","https://openalex.org/W3125425014","https://openalex.org/W3128258093","https://openalex.org/W3154988038","https://openalex.org/W3160601067","https://openalex.org/W3200848037","https://openalex.org/W4205568334","https://openalex.org/W4206336484","https://openalex.org/W4285008927","https://openalex.org/W6739005891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100],"mechanisms":[1,165],"based":[2,132],"on":[3,60,72,133,167],"the":[4,76,80,94,107,127,144,149,176,180,191,194,253,263,275],"distributed":[5,135],"environment":[6],"have":[7,16,87],"become":[8,88],"an":[9,89,160,233,269],"obvious":[10],"choice":[11],"for":[12,75,218,255],"solutions,":[13,39],"while":[14],"they":[15,97],"not":[17],"been":[18],"limited":[19],"only":[20],"to":[21,33,129,212,258,272],"a":[22,66,134,230],"specific":[23],"domain":[24],"(i.e.,":[25],"crypto-currency).":[26],"Rather,":[27],"it":[28],"has":[29,125,142,238],"influenced":[30],"other":[31,74],"industries":[32],"develop":[34,130],"robust":[35,154],"privacy":[36,86,155],"and":[37,85,120,146,156,189,209,222,249],"security":[38,84,177],"such":[40,105],"as":[41,106],"smart":[42,44,47,49,52,62,185],"houses,":[43],"electrical":[45],"grids,":[46],"agriculture,":[48],"health":[50],"care,":[51],"transportation,":[53],"etc.":[54],"These":[55],"Cyber-Physical":[56,114,117],"Systems":[57,118],"heavily":[58],"depend":[59],"IoT-based":[61],"devices":[63,70],"that":[64,170,198],"constitute":[65],"networked":[67],"system":[68],"of":[69,79,92,102,109,113,122,151,163,182,193,204,226],"dependent":[71],"each":[73],"smooth":[77],"operation":[78],"overall":[81],"system.":[82],"Hence,":[83,215],"integral":[90],"part":[91],"all":[93],"architectural":[95],"frameworks":[96],"operate":[98],"in.":[99],"adoption":[101],"these":[103,183],"architectures,":[104],"Internet":[108,112,121],"Things":[110,115],"(IoT),":[111],"(IoCPT),":[116],"(CPSs),":[119],"Everything":[123],"(IoE),":[124],"reinforced":[126],"need":[128],"solutions":[131,152,217],"environment.":[136],"Distributed":[137],"ledger":[138,245],"technology,":[139,246],"i.e.,":[140,247],"Blockchain,":[141,248],"taken":[143],"lead":[145],"may":[147],"support":[148],"development":[150],"with":[153],"security.":[157],"We":[158,174,187],"provide":[159],"updated":[161],"review":[162],"authentication":[164,181,200,224],"developed":[166],"blockchain":[168],"technology":[169],"enforce":[171],"decentralized":[172,244],"architectures.":[173],"discuss":[175,262],"issues":[178],"regarding":[179],"IoT-enabled":[184,227],"devices.":[186],"evaluate":[188],"analyze":[190],"study":[192],"proposed":[195],"literature":[196],"schemes":[197],"pose":[199],"challenges":[201],"in":[202],"terms":[203],"computational":[205],"costs,":[206],"communication":[207],"overheads,":[208],"models":[210],"applied":[211],"attain":[213],"robustness.":[214],"lightweight":[216,250],"managing,":[219],"maintaining,":[220],"processing,":[221],"storing":[223],"data":[225],"assets":[228],"are":[229,252],"must.":[231],"From":[232],"integration":[234],"perspective,":[235],"cloud":[236],"computing":[237],"provided":[239],"strong":[240],"support.":[241],"In":[242],"contrast,":[243],"cryptosystems":[251],"areas":[254],"much":[256],"more":[257],"explore.":[259],"Finally,":[260],"we":[261],"future":[264],"research":[265],"challenges,":[266],"which":[267],"present":[268],"improvement":[270],"standpoint":[271],"help":[273],"address":[274],"ambiguities.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
