{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290044380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3188795","title":"A Progressive Learning Strategy for Large-Scale Glacier Mapping","display_name":"A Progressive Learning Strategy for Large-Scale Glacier Mapping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290044380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3188795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3188795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3188795","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09817031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09817031.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101844885","display_name":"Zhiyuan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-7961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044538083","display_name":"Umesh K. Haritashya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-954X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umesh K. Haritashya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-954X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061050831","display_name":"Vijayan K. Asari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijayan K. Asari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-5492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61248295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"72615","last_page":"72627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.6555981040000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.619229793548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5728175044059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37151822447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35121893882751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34088748693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.21324339509010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.18347874283790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10599634051322937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.6555981040000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.619229793548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5728175044059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37151822447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35121893882751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34088748693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.21324339509010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.18347874283790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10599634051322937}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3188795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3188795","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09817031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb040b0256814db2ad297e1fd7246f01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb040b0256814db2ad297e1fd7246f01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 72615-72627 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3188795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3188795","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09817031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5112759109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0653","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8852380860","display_name":"WE PLAN TO INVESTIGATE GEOLOGIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC SETTINGS AND TRIGGERS OF LARGE HISTORIC  PRE-HISTORIC AND FUTURE LANDSLIDES IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM  INCLUDING RIVER DAMMING AND OTHER ASSOCIATED HAZARDOUS EVENTS OF TRANSBOUNDARY CONSEQUENCES. THE REGION OF INTEREST INVOLVES THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER AREAS WITHIN THE LARGER REGION DEPICTED IN FIGURE 1. WE WILL MODEL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF THE TERRAIN TO PRODUCE SIMILAR LARGE LANDSLIDES IN THE FUTURE DUE TO ICE MELT  SEISMICITY  OR STOCHASTIC FAILURES. WE WILL USE U OF A S DISTRIBUTED MEMORY CLUSTER TO COMPUTE SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION AND SURFACE INTERACTION IN THE COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY AND FIRST-ORDER GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2015 GORKHA-EARTHQUAKE-AFFECTED HIMALAYAN REGION AND THE 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE AREA IN THE KARAKORAM. SHAKING-RELATED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY WILL BE TESTED USING OUTCOME OF THE 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; MONSOON RELATED LANDSLIDES WILL BE EVALUATED NEARBY BUT WHERE SEISMICITY WAS WEAK.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K0432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310486","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290044380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290044380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1972358174","https://openalex.org/W1979828528","https://openalex.org/W2032051275","https://openalex.org/W2043728583","https://openalex.org/W2050914675","https://openalex.org/W2057035657","https://openalex.org/W2064132310","https://openalex.org/W2066907097","https://openalex.org/W2068323264","https://openalex.org/W2085585287","https://openalex.org/W2094905698","https://openalex.org/W2100010392","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113162852","https://openalex.org/W2115363650","https://openalex.org/W2124173916","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2157123418","https://openalex.org/W2162762159","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2194600065","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2223774194","https://openalex.org/W2263420555","https://openalex.org/W2319040573","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2510996766","https://openalex.org/W2559597482","https://openalex.org/W2566457274","https://openalex.org/W2570994302","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2783298993","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2803760832","https://openalex.org/W2807778988","https://openalex.org/W2883945992","https://openalex.org/W2884406474","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2901296248","https://openalex.org/W2916558994","https://openalex.org/W2919358988","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2998342770","https://openalex.org/W2998879183","https://openalex.org/W3011596392","https://openalex.org/W3022043513","https://openalex.org/W3032913569","https://openalex.org/W3137297106","https://openalex.org/W3183048323","https://openalex.org/W3185054271","https://openalex.org/W3210907178","https://openalex.org/W4210606444","https://openalex.org/W4224053103","https://openalex.org/W4293149953","https://openalex.org/W4294226146","https://openalex.org/W6603365379","https://openalex.org/W6604657842","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6748775820","https://openalex.org/W6750469568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2954133528","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W2139939267","https://openalex.org/W1974511032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,28,53,104,109,128,155,166,172,209,233,246],"worldwide":[4],"temperature":[5],"increase":[6],"has":[7],"resulted":[8],"in":[9,136,193,197,232,245],"rapid":[10],"deglaciation":[11],"and":[12,23,35,55,130,140,199,207,217,235,240,257,266],"a":[13,64,93,121,148,176,184,194,215],"higher":[14],"risk":[15],"of":[16,30,38,57,115,124,132,142,161,179,187,220,230,237,243,255],"glacier-related":[17],"natural":[18],"hazards":[19],"such":[20,44],"as":[21],"flooding":[22],"debris":[24],"flow.":[25],"Due":[26],"to":[27,101,126,152,158,174,264],"severity":[29],"these":[31],"hazards,":[32],"continuous":[33],"observation":[34],"detailed":[36],"analysis":[37],"glacier":[39,50,67,83,134,221,268],"fluctuations":[40],"are":[41,203],"crucial.":[42],"Many":[43],"analyses":[45],"require":[46],"an":[47,224,241],"accurately":[48,102],"delineated":[49],"boundary.":[51],"However,":[52],"complexity":[54],"heterogeneity":[56],"glaciers,":[58],"particularly":[59],"debris-covered":[60],"glaciers":[61,162,180],"(DCGs),":[62],"poses":[63],"challenge":[65],"for":[66,205],"mapping":[68,89,135,150,260],"when":[69],"using":[70],"conventional":[71],"remote":[72],"sensing":[73],"or":[74,87],"machine-learning":[75],"techniques.":[76],"Some":[77],"examples":[78],"exist":[79],"about":[80],"small-scale":[81],"automated":[82],"mapping,":[84],"but":[85],"large":[86,177,256],"regional-scale":[88],"is":[90],"challenging.":[91],"Previously,":[92],"deep-learning-based":[94],"approach":[95],"named":[96],"GlacierNet2":[97,125],"had":[98],"been":[99],"developed":[100,263],"delineate":[103,175],"complete":[105],"DCG":[106],"outlines":[107,251],"on":[108],"regional":[110],"scope":[111],"via":[112,163],"taking":[113],"advantage":[114],"multiple":[116],"models.":[117],"This":[118,169],"paper":[119],"uses":[120],"modified":[122],"version":[123],"study":[127],"feasibility":[129],"effectiveness":[131],"large-scale":[133,149],"Nepal":[137,247],"Himalaya,":[138],"Karakoram,":[139],"parts":[141,236],"western":[143,238],"Himalaya.":[144,248],"Also,":[145],"we":[146],"propose":[147],"strategy":[151,170],"progressively":[153],"enhance":[154],"network":[156,173],"familiarity":[157],"varied":[159],"types":[160],"systematically":[164],"repeating":[165],"training":[167,189,210],"process.":[168],"allows":[171],"number":[178],"while":[181],"only":[182],"requiring":[183],"small":[185],"proportion":[186],"initial":[188],"data.":[190,211],"Thus,":[191],"resulting":[192],"significant":[195],"drop":[196],"labor":[198],"expert":[200],"intervention,":[201],"which":[202],"required":[204],"selecting":[206],"labeling":[208],"Our":[212,249],"results":[213],"show":[214],"successful":[216],"accurate":[218],"generation":[219],"boundaries":[222],"with":[223],"intersection":[225],"over":[226],"union":[227],"(IOU)":[228],"score":[229],"0.8115":[231],"Karakoram":[234],"Himalaya":[239],"IOU":[242],"0.7525":[244],"work":[250],"how":[252],"future":[253],"efforts":[254],"global":[258],"scale":[259],"can":[261],"be":[262],"monitor":[265],"analyze":[267],"dynamics.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}