{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290043340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3187102","title":"RL_QOptimizer: A Reinforcement Learning Based Query Optimizer","display_name":"RL_QOptimizer: A Reinforcement Learning Based Query Optimizer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290043340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3187102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3187102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3187102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09810215.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09810215.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086131873","display_name":"Mohamed Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7107-4339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7107-4339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027453018","display_name":"Ayman El-Kilany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman El-Kilany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048405773","display_name":"Hoda M. O. Mokhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768086","display_name":"Egypt University of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvx9v69","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768086"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoda M. O. Mokhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","Faculty of Computing and Information Sciences, Egypt University of Informatics, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-4108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Sciences, Egypt University of Informatics, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455","https://openalex.org/I4391768086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002320929","display_name":"Ibrahim Sobh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-6267"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Sobh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Valeo, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-6267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Valeo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.824,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9415868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"70502","last_page":"70515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8924257159233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8267930746078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.7981305718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.7713004350662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6991198062896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.6423890590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-aggregation","display_name":"Online aggregation","score":0.6404898166656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-plan","display_name":"Query plan","score":0.6144360303878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5721119046211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.45247215032577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.4493260979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view","display_name":"View","score":0.44920244812965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4334108829498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.42618095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2974027991294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2666962146759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.22447103261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.11090078949928284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8924257159233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8267930746078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.7981305718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.7713004350662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6991198062896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.6423890590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24028149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094056","display_name":"Online aggregation","level":5,"score":0.6404898166656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779729312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784232","display_name":"Query plan","level":5,"score":0.6144360303878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5721119046211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.45247215032577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.4493260979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54239708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329910","display_name":"View","level":3,"score":0.44920244812965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4334108829498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42618095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2974027991294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2666962146759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.22447103261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.11090078949928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3187102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3187102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09810215.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:962d974d93ef4f42a28dc4ebaa511d50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/962d974d93ef4f42a28dc4ebaa511d50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 70502-70515 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3187102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3187102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09810215.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290043340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4290043340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W79191309","https://openalex.org/W1587011656","https://openalex.org/W1987645871","https://openalex.org/W1991271936","https://openalex.org/W2059844260","https://openalex.org/W2060091058","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2077072407","https://openalex.org/W2097363087","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153329411","https://openalex.org/W2160181895","https://openalex.org/W2171438172","https://openalex.org/W2171903035","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2396309311","https://openalex.org/W2412047973","https://openalex.org/W2432403016","https://openalex.org/W2526412185","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2753439427","https://openalex.org/W2769216135","https://openalex.org/W2783484890","https://openalex.org/W2790625403","https://openalex.org/W2889503624","https://openalex.org/W2952194250","https://openalex.org/W2963853546","https://openalex.org/W2970148517","https://openalex.org/W3022398217","https://openalex.org/W3033337213","https://openalex.org/W3099158806","https://openalex.org/W3099273181","https://openalex.org/W3100925961","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3176153696","https://openalex.org/W3208735199","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4288017945","https://openalex.org/W4289703391","https://openalex.org/W6604616853","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6675727724","https://openalex.org/W6683306772","https://openalex.org/W6713228396","https://openalex.org/W6727850879","https://openalex.org/W6746213067","https://openalex.org/W6748123552","https://openalex.org/W6754209089","https://openalex.org/W6755478176","https://openalex.org/W6769951390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006459955","https://openalex.org/W2554271401","https://openalex.org/W203907944","https://openalex.org/W2150741898","https://openalex.org/W4361194359","https://openalex.org/W2992414350","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2955368753","https://openalex.org/W185198413","https://openalex.org/W4281289408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,19,28,62,75,82,92,100,130,137,144,159,163],"current":[2],"availability":[3],"of":[4,25,81,147,158,168],"massive":[5],"datasets":[6],"and":[7,97],"scalability":[8],"requirements,":[9],"different":[10,112],"systems":[11],"are":[12],"required":[13],"to":[14,45,52,128],"provide":[15],"their":[16],"users":[17],"with":[18],"best":[20,131],"performance":[21,31],"possible":[22],"in":[23,39,49,85,108,111,136],"terms":[24],"speed.":[26],"On":[27],"physical":[29],"level,":[30],"can":[32],"be":[33],"translated":[34],"into":[35],"queries’":[36],"execution":[37,95,102],"time":[38],"database":[40,63],"management":[41,64],"systems.":[42],"Queries":[43],"have":[44],"execute":[46],"efficiently":[47],"(i.e.":[48],"minimum":[50],"time)":[51],"meet":[53],"users’":[54],"needs,":[55],"which":[56,78,140],"puts":[57],"an":[58],"excessive":[59],"burden":[60],"on":[61,73,143],"system":[65,146],"(DBMS).":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,114],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"mainly":[71],"focus":[72],"enhancing":[74],"query":[76,94,101,138,165],"optimizer,":[77],"is":[79,88],"one":[80],"main":[83],"components":[84],"DBMS":[86],"that":[87,154],"responsible":[89],"for":[90,133],"choosing":[91],"optimal":[93],"plan":[96,139],"consequently":[98],"determines":[99],"time.":[103],"Inspired":[104],"by":[105],"recent":[106],"research":[107],"reinforcement":[109,148],"learning":[110],"domains,":[113],"paper":[115],"proposes":[116],"A":[117],"Deep":[118],"Reinforcement":[119],"Learning":[120],"Based":[121],"Query":[122],"Optimizer":[123],"(RL_QOptimizer),":[124],"a":[125,155],"new":[126],"approach":[127,161],"find":[129],"policy":[132],"join":[134],"order":[135],"depends":[141],"solely":[142],"reward":[145],"learning.":[149],"The":[150],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"notable":[156],"advantage":[157],"proposed":[160],"against":[162],"existing":[164],"optimization":[166],"model":[167],"PostgreSQL":[169],"DBMS.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2022-08-06T00:00:00"}