{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285250403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3185260","title":"Overview of Metamaterials-Integrated Antennas for Beam Manipulation Applications: The Two Decades of Progress","display_name":"Overview of Metamaterials-Integrated Antennas for Beam Manipulation Applications: The Two Decades of Progress","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285250403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3185260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3185260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3185260","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09803036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09803036.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007255773","display_name":"Bashar A. F. Esmail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123185442","display_name":"Reykjav\u00edk University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2kyx68","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bashar A. F. Esmail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-2177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040400589","display_name":"S\u0142awomir Kozie\u0142","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-2647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123185442","display_name":"Reykjav\u00edk University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2kyx68","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["IS","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slawomir Koziel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland","Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-2647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062937432","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Go\u0142u\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-7365"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Golunski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda&#x00F1;sk University of Technology, Gda&#x00F1;sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda&#x00F1;sk University of Technology, Gda&#x00F1;sk, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055496851","display_name":"Huda A. Majid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-8579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huda Bin A. Majid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan (FTK), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-8579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan (FTK), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058864443","display_name":"Rusan Kumar Barik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-2485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123185442","display_name":"Reykjav\u00edk University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2kyx68","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rusan Kumar Barik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-2485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007255773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.6434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98419669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"67096","last_page":"67116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.8273168802261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5457016229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.4930743873119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4444887042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial-antenna","display_name":"Metamaterial antenna","score":0.4404180347919464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.32730746269226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.263547420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24397051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2149064838886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2000068724155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1895991861820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.17642855644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.14032620191574097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.8273168802261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5457016229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4930743873119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4444887042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129828019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12326787","display_name":"Metamaterial antenna","level":5,"score":0.4404180347919464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.32730746269226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.263547420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24397051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2149064838886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2000068724155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1895991861820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.17642855644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.14032620191574097}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3185260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3185260","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09803036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f282b65321bb4ed5b321e97c0fac50d0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f282b65321bb4ed5b321e97c0fac50d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 67096-67116 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3185260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3185260","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09803036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744139634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217771","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","funder_display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4876521612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018/31/B/ST7/02369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374865206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 217771","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","funder_display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8750576860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217771","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326825","funder_display_name":"Rann\u00eds"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03srneg48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326825","display_name":"Rann\u00eds","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285250403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285250403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":160,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75536252","https://openalex.org/W1484738750","https://openalex.org/W1493063556","https://openalex.org/W1541017798","https://openalex.org/W1602967177","https://openalex.org/W1611135789","https://openalex.org/W1833247647","https://openalex.org/W1850174412","https://openalex.org/W1906933180","https://openalex.org/W1913381342","https://openalex.org/W1964056060","https://openalex.org/W1964172723","https://openalex.org/W1964552185","https://openalex.org/W1971775658","https://openalex.org/W1973327800","https://openalex.org/W1974637898","https://openalex.org/W1984132478","https://openalex.org/W1985455761","https://openalex.org/W1988479411","https://openalex.org/W1991704520","https://openalex.org/W1992942268","https://openalex.org/W1994620623","https://openalex.org/W1995796806","https://openalex.org/W1998493579","https://openalex.org/W2000109848","https://openalex.org/W2005636160","https://openalex.org/W2007210363","https://openalex.org/W2015408750","https://openalex.org/W2019710617","https://openalex.org/W2021111470","https://openalex.org/W2021862817","https://openalex.org/W2022694476","https://openalex.org/W2025723902","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2028747531","https://openalex.org/W2029082991","https://openalex.org/W2033509421","https://openalex.org/W2035885296","https://openalex.org/W2042115057","https://openalex.org/W2043769744","https://openalex.org/W2045305845","https://openalex.org/W2048293058","https://openalex.org/W2056648739","https://openalex.org/W2063219705","https://openalex.org/W2064240847","https://openalex.org/W2066735432","https://openalex.org/W2068265928","https://openalex.org/W2072157116","https://openalex.org/W2073841330","https://openalex.org/W2076426245","https://openalex.org/W2079078343","https://openalex.org/W2092896656","https://openalex.org/W2093133451","https://openalex.org/W2093544219","https://openalex.org/W2105079233","https://openalex.org/W2109407470","https://openalex.org/W2115178087","https://openalex.org/W2117238355","https://openalex.org/W2117826288","https://openalex.org/W2119010423","https://openalex.org/W2145078790","https://openalex.org/W2146802902","https://openalex.org/W2148020016","https://openalex.org/W2164165059","https://openalex.org/W2277198174","https://openalex.org/W2294709958","https://openalex.org/W2320960151","https://openalex.org/W2325310412","https://openalex.org/W2334990469","https://openalex.org/W2337190050","https://openalex.org/W2344054891","https://openalex.org/W2349738566","https://openalex.org/W2397400129","https://openalex.org/W2410725009","https://openalex.org/W2410736351","https://openalex.org/W2461821699","https://openalex.org/W2494799168","https://openalex.org/W2518117991","https://openalex.org/W2555079638","https://openalex.org/W2563048964","https://openalex.org/W2607015326","https://openalex.org/W2607180522","https://openalex.org/W2611610434","https://openalex.org/W2624306206","https://openalex.org/W2725178547","https://openalex.org/W2726612509","https://openalex.org/W2729877144","https://openalex.org/W2734635664","https://openalex.org/W2735246539","https://openalex.org/W2750006085","https://openalex.org/W2751695816","https://openalex.org/W2752200257","https://openalex.org/W2767242603","https://openalex.org/W2775051507","https://openalex.org/W2782689614","https://openalex.org/W2784088253","https://openalex.org/W2789392757","https://openalex.org/W2791727154","https://openalex.org/W2793133615","https://openalex.org/W2793903266","https://openalex.org/W2793937840","https://openalex.org/W2795582574","https://openalex.org/W2795790285","https://openalex.org/W2796184215","https://openalex.org/W2808905718","https://openalex.org/W2809440712","https://openalex.org/W2811227530","https://openalex.org/W2859865470","https://openalex.org/W2889582574","https://openalex.org/W2892063185","https://openalex.org/W2898185237","https://openalex.org/W2898786106","https://openalex.org/W2901857465","https://openalex.org/W2901998210","https://openalex.org/W2904532649","https://openalex.org/W2906844521","https://openalex.org/W2911318067","https://openalex.org/W2911684777","https://openalex.org/W2924193477","https://openalex.org/W2944485788","https://openalex.org/W2955748273","https://openalex.org/W2964155064","https://openalex.org/W2964989799","https://openalex.org/W2965609528","https://openalex.org/W2968609010","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969270709","https://openalex.org/W2969981966","https://openalex.org/W2973407914","https://openalex.org/W2975019022","https://openalex.org/W2990697608","https://openalex.org/W2998404380","https://openalex.org/W3001842515","https://openalex.org/W3002125669","https://openalex.org/W3005009408","https://openalex.org/W3005117678","https://openalex.org/W3005800950","https://openalex.org/W3006548891","https://openalex.org/W3010688761","https://openalex.org/W3014085112","https://openalex.org/W3036472509","https://openalex.org/W3088615573","https://openalex.org/W3097681581","https://openalex.org/W3101833225","https://openalex.org/W3118304699","https://openalex.org/W3126914345","https://openalex.org/W3143171668","https://openalex.org/W3158170927","https://openalex.org/W3158684015","https://openalex.org/W3169970596","https://openalex.org/W3185332682","https://openalex.org/W3198933495","https://openalex.org/W3207034702","https://openalex.org/W4220866327","https://openalex.org/W4220989436","https://openalex.org/W4226532731","https://openalex.org/W4229940949","https://openalex.org/W4300355102","https://openalex.org/W6754184191","https://openalex.org/W6758285588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W130728486","https://openalex.org/W2376427179","https://openalex.org/W1439671135","https://openalex.org/W1495543883","https://openalex.org/W2235323171","https://openalex.org/W3092138006","https://openalex.org/W4387537284","https://openalex.org/W438005229","https://openalex.org/W2050297732","https://openalex.org/W1987242404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metamaterials":[0],"(MMs)":[1],"are":[2,96,164,173],"synthetic":[3],"composite":[4],"structures":[5,95],"with":[6,184,206],"superior":[7],"properties":[8,151],"not":[9],"found":[10],"in":[11,41,45,72,82,99,108],"naturally":[12],"occurring":[13],"materials.":[14],"MMs":[15,141,172,198],"have":[16],"gained":[17],"massive":[18],"attention":[19],"over":[20],"the":[21,46,58,62,100,103,109,114,140,144,154,177,188,193],"last":[22],"two":[23],"decades":[24],"because":[25],"of":[26,48,102,138],"their":[27,80,127],"extraordinary":[28],"properties,":[29,129],"such":[30,152],"as":[31,153],"negative":[32],"permittivity":[33],"and":[34,55,60,90,131,160],"permeability.":[35],"These":[36],"materials":[37],"enable":[38],"many":[39],"applications":[40],"communication":[42,75],"subsystems,":[43],"especially":[44],"field":[47],"antenna":[49,110,178,211],"design,":[50],"to":[51,79,123,142,166,176,179,201],"enhance":[52],"gain,":[53],"bandwidth,":[54],"efficiency,":[56],"reduce":[57],"size,":[59],"deflect":[61],"radiation":[63,115,145],"pattern.":[64,116],"The":[65,93],"demand":[66],"for":[67,112],"beam-deflection":[68,169],"antennas":[69],"is":[70,146,199],"significant":[71],"modern":[73],"wireless":[74],"research":[76],"studies":[77],"due":[78],"importance":[81],"enhancing":[83],"service":[84],"quality,":[85],"system":[86],"security,":[87],"avoiding":[88],"interference,":[89],"economizing":[91],"power.":[92],"MM":[94],"usually":[97],"included":[98],"vicinity":[101],"radiating":[104],"element":[105],"or":[106],"incorporated":[107],"substrate":[111],"controlling":[113],"This":[117],"review":[118],"study":[119,137],"provides":[120],"an":[121],"introduction":[122],"MMs,":[124],"focusing":[125],"on":[126,187,197,209],"electromagnetic":[128],"classification,":[130],"design":[132],"approaches.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"a":[135,168],"detailed":[136],"using":[139],"manipulate":[143],"carried":[147],"out,":[148],"where":[149],"different":[150],"positive/negative":[155],"refractive":[156],"index,":[157],"epsilon-near-zero":[158],"(ENZ),":[159],"mu":[161],"near-zero":[162],"(MNZ)":[163],"employed":[165],"achieve":[167,180],"antenna.":[170],"Reconfigurable":[171],"also":[174],"loaded":[175],"multi-directional":[181],"beam":[182],"deflection":[183,204],"negligible":[185],"effect":[186],"antenna&#x2019;s":[189],"physical":[190],"size.":[191],"Moreover,":[192],"gradient-index":[194],"(GRIN)":[195],"based":[196],"used":[200],"obtain":[202],"high":[203],"angles":[205],"minor":[207],"effects":[208],"other":[210],"properties.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
