{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226070056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184801","title":"Toward Digital Twin Oriented Modeling of Complex Networked Systems and Their Dynamics: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Toward Digital Twin Oriented Modeling of Complex Networked Systems and Their Dynamics: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226070056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3184801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184801","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09801816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09801816.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071052291","display_name":"Jiaqi Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-5140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083181106","display_name":"Bogdan Gabry\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-2846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Gabrys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051832847","display_name":"Katarzyna Musia\u0142","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-7647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna Musial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Adaptive Systems Laboratory, Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071052291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.0052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95458377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"66886","last_page":"66923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7906900644302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6250568628311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5585706233978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5485017895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.47980907559394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.47302770614624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.42952680587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4198516607284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40290799736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33047544956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3284896910190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2670038938522339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7906900644302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6250568628311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5585706233978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5485017895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.47980907559394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.47302770614624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.42952680587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4198516607284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40290799736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33047544956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3284896910190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2670038938522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3184801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184801","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09801816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e707b12b66942b59959ec07680af491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e707b12b66942b59959ec07680af491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 66886-66923 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3184801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3184801","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09801816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1994348273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP190101087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7642628770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP19010108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226070056.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226070056.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":379,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48643329","https://openalex.org/W132853672","https://openalex.org/W172803389","https://openalex.org/W174778293","https://openalex.org/W188608978","https://openalex.org/W261461018","https://openalex.org/W567313566","https://openalex.org/W583209630","https://openalex.org/W594871724","https://openalex.org/W658218229","https://openalex.org/W861503460","https://openalex.org/W1232129636","https://openalex.org/W1484040084","https://openalex.org/W1508314812","https://openalex.org/W1564354600","https://openalex.org/W1596588646","https://openalex.org/W1605711022","https://openalex.org/W1615454278","https://openalex.org/W1907418661","https://openalex.org/W1913166991","https://openalex.org/W1914027636","https://openalex.org/W1965914109","https://openalex.org/W1966809779","https://openalex.org/W1967608252","https://openalex.org/W1973247012","https://openalex.org/W1973656075","https://openalex.org/W1973987653","https://openalex.org/W1975988161","https://openalex.org/W1976668093","https://openalex.org/W1977959082","https://openalex.org/W1979104937","https://openalex.org/W1982821381","https://openalex.org/W1983409070","https://openalex.org/W1983485726","https://openalex.org/W1985009003","https://openalex.org/W1985833106","https://openalex.org/W1987363726","https://openalex.org/W1988515336","https://openalex.org/W1993099985","https://openalex.org/W1993744672","https://openalex.org/W1994368767","https://openalex.org/W1999064786","https://openalex.org/W1999906401","https://openalex.org/W2004202494","https://openalex.org/W2005504141","https://openalex.org/W2008104685","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2008857988","https://openalex.org/W2009130514","https://openalex.org/W2009767457","https://openalex.org/W2015084265","https://openalex.org/W2015111077","https://openalex.org/W2017880525","https://openalex.org/W2024514015","https://openalex.org/W2024997507","https://openalex.org/W2025183726","https://openalex.org/W2025546535","https://openalex.org/W2026892459","https://openalex.org/W2028104603","https://openalex.org/W2029173860","https://openalex.org/W2033272835","https://openalex.org/W2034356849","https://openalex.org/W2039473144","https://openalex.org/W2043883312","https://openalex.org/W2044181383","https://openalex.org/W2047709093","https://openalex.org/W2048076161","https://openalex.org/W2049730968","https://openalex.org/W2050215574","https://openalex.org/W2056038999","https://openalex.org/W2061130579","https://openalex.org/W2064168048","https://openalex.org/W2064291152","https://openalex.org/W2065349380","https://openalex.org/W2067064328","https://openalex.org/W2070323919","https://openalex.org/W2070857404","https://openalex.org/W2071125379","https://openalex.org/W2072890207","https://openalex.org/W2073627497","https://openalex.org/W2073853984","https://openalex.org/W2078029337","https://openalex.org/W2087310019","https://openalex.org/W2089554624","https://openalex.org/W2092697398","https://openalex.org/W2093168265","https://openalex.org/W2095965857","https://openalex.org/W2101420429","https://openalex.org/W2104610336","https://openalex.org/W2105544934","https://openalex.org/W2105813236","https://openalex.org/W2107728664","https://openalex.org/W2108153239","https://openalex.org/W2109888520","https://openalex.org/W2111184007","https://openalex.org/W2111823238","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2114791779","https://openalex.org/W2115511080","https://openalex.org/W2115999503","https://openalex.org/W2117831564","https://openalex.org/W2121239718","https://openalex.org/W2123333844","https://openalex.org/W2125082260","https://openalex.org/W2126559640","https://openalex.org/W2126679325","https://openalex.org/W2127526138","https://openalex.org/W2129108318","https://openalex.org/W2129129488","https://openalex.org/W2129934604","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2130426318","https://openalex.org/W2131389289","https://openalex.org/W2134963415","https://openalex.org/W2138399168","https://openalex.org/W2139297408","https://openalex.org/W2139583658","https://openalex.org/W2142124258","https://openalex.org/W2142610630","https://openalex.org/W2143523119","https://openalex.org/W2145845082","https://openalex.org/W2150135821","https://openalex.org/W2151613058","https://openalex.org/W2152001538","https://openalex.org/W2152430833","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2155369095","https://openalex.org/W2157082398","https://openalex.org/W2157527521","https://openalex.org/W2158190429","https://openalex.org/W2159009490","https://openalex.org/W2160151665","https://openalex.org/W2162820113","https://openalex.org/W2163595839","https://openalex.org/W2163753340","https://openalex.org/W2164351502","https://openalex.org/W2165515835","https://openalex.org/W2168201538","https://openalex.org/W2169397725","https://openalex.org/W2171392290","https://openalex.org/W2184168270","https://openalex.org/W2260525768","https://openalex.org/W2274964336","https://openalex.org/W2314043858","https://openalex.org/W2333660082","https://openalex.org/W2336552055","https://openalex.org/W2336875440","https://openalex.org/W2415243320","https://openalex.org/W2464916189","https://openalex.org/W2470684228","https://openalex.org/W2491633587","https://openalex.org/W2507380695","https://openalex.org/W2529172858","https://openalex.org/W2548810793","https://openalex.org/W2564084673","https://openalex.org/W2564138207","https://openalex.org/W2565701092","https://openalex.org/W2579850834","https://openalex.org/W2580943046","https://openalex.org/W2581624716","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2583764999","https://openalex.org/W2586233753","https://openalex.org/W2590078953","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2594560868","https://openalex.org/W2597150627","https://openalex.org/W2598848270","https://openalex.org/W2600389231","https://openalex.org/W2602197485","https://openalex.org/W2604759793","https://openalex.org/W2606124850","https://openalex.org/W2607234710","https://openalex.org/W2626265929","https://openalex.org/W2688047394","https://openalex.org/W2733117942","https://openalex.org/W2734601503","https://openalex.org/W2735692915","https://openalex.org/W2737281289","https://openalex.org/W2743027438","https://openalex.org/W2744820619","https://openalex.org/W2750973482","https://openalex.org/W2761914499","https://openalex.org/W2765598251","https://openalex.org/W2766438525","https://openalex.org/W2767711919","https://openalex.org/W2768375068","https://openalex.org/W2772589676","https://openalex.org/W2777190022","https://openalex.org/W2778640573","https://openalex.org/W2782823532","https://openalex.org/W2783673162","https://openalex.org/W2784007581","https://openalex.org/W2791244492","https://openalex.org/W2791282573","https://openalex.org/W2793143389","https://openalex.org/W2794202219","https://openalex.org/W2794230447","https://openalex.org/W2796465757","https://openalex.org/W2797098512","https://openalex.org/W2798336636","https://openalex.org/W2803669401","https://openalex.org/W2803873068","https://openalex.org/W2804780212","https://openalex.org/W2808000122","https://openalex.org/W2808771744","https://openalex.org/W2809922372","https://openalex.org/W2810718388","https://openalex.org/W2885142590","https://openalex.org/W2887415938","https://openalex.org/W2887949427","https://openalex.org/W2890102673","https://openalex.org/W2891479379","https://openalex.org/W2891813744","https://openalex.org/W2896239789","https://openalex.org/W2896253905","https://openalex.org/W2896808365","https://openalex.org/W2897178933","https://openalex.org/W2901604131","https://openalex.org/W2903092818","https://openalex.org/W2903101238","https://openalex.org/W2904138018","https://openalex.org/W2904399804","https://openalex.org/W2908814962","https://openalex.org/W2909744383","https://openalex.org/W2912589244","https://openalex.org/W2912952889","https://openalex.org/W2912978522","https://openalex.org/W2913207760","https://openalex.org/W2919838833","https://openalex.org/W2920331395","https://openalex.org/W2924227205","https://openalex.org/W2937040248","https://openalex.org/W2937901855","https://openalex.org/W2941721706","https://openalex.org/W2941876953","https://openalex.org/W2944599007","https://openalex.org/W2944810901","https://openalex.org/W2945033315","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2962752671","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962885400","https://openalex.org/W2962975498","https://openalex.org/W2963224980","https://openalex.org/W2963241486","https://openalex.org/W2963414894","https://openalex.org/W2963512530","https://openalex.org/W2963734869","https://openalex.org/W2963960612","https://openalex.org/W2964295282","https://openalex.org/W2969834664","https://openalex.org/W2972144702","https://openalex.org/W2972551688","https://openalex.org/W2973496471","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W2976016439","https://openalex.org/W2984477403","https://openalex.org/W2994392301","https://openalex.org/W2994791444","https://openalex.org/W2996168619","https://openalex.org/W2997072997","https://openalex.org/W3000087869","https://openalex.org/W3000614433","https://openalex.org/W3001784287","https://openalex.org/W3006603556","https://openalex.org/W3007565760","https://openalex.org/W3010510020","https://openalex.org/W3010635092","https://openalex.org/W3010760658","https://openalex.org/W3011689243","https://openalex.org/W3012986867","https://openalex.org/W3014048166","https://openalex.org/W3014972849","https://openalex.org/W3015613093","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3017792996","https://openalex.org/W3019795659","https://openalex.org/W3021429802","https://openalex.org/W3024560045","https://openalex.org/W3024802711","https://openalex.org/W3025026502","https://openalex.org/W3026093994","https://openalex.org/W3028009638","https://openalex.org/W3030070939","https://openalex.org/W3033201346","https://openalex.org/W3033754547","https://openalex.org/W3035349303","https://openalex.org/W3037085755","https://openalex.org/W3037819556","https://openalex.org/W3037898693","https://openalex.org/W3045237327","https://openalex.org/W3047116446","https://openalex.org/W3047596157","https://openalex.org/W3058760796","https://openalex.org/W3075134243","https://openalex.org/W3080406377","https://openalex.org/W3080644389","https://openalex.org/W3080884086","https://openalex.org/W3081240133","https://openalex.org/W3082435965","https://openalex.org/W3097471692","https://openalex.org/W3098742898","https://openalex.org/W3098771763","https://openalex.org/W3100330855","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3101549891","https://openalex.org/W3101833514","https://openalex.org/W3103967557","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3104677896","https://openalex.org/W3105818684","https://openalex.org/W3106780051","https://openalex.org/W3111255946","https://openalex.org/W3115704193","https://openalex.org/W3116373906","https://openalex.org/W3119725804","https://openalex.org/W3124112654","https://openalex.org/W3125626040","https://openalex.org/W3130131971","https://openalex.org/W3134794709","https://openalex.org/W3134929141","https://openalex.org/W3135734324","https://openalex.org/W3144152709","https://openalex.org/W3153801153","https://openalex.org/W3158590963","https://openalex.org/W3161134830","https://openalex.org/W3164195394","https://openalex.org/W3164479451","https://openalex.org/W3165299285","https://openalex.org/W3170848208","https://openalex.org/W3174613761","https://openalex.org/W3176070213","https://openalex.org/W3176869355","https://openalex.org/W3183749514","https://openalex.org/W3185516332","https://openalex.org/W3195872194","https://openalex.org/W3201940187","https://openalex.org/W3204508881","https://openalex.org/W3206604724","https://openalex.org/W3208413311","https://openalex.org/W3209398723","https://openalex.org/W3212731684","https://openalex.org/W4200070828","https://openalex.org/W4206616245","https://openalex.org/W4211220729","https://openalex.org/W4226165670","https://openalex.org/W4232331363","https://openalex.org/W4232932184","https://openalex.org/W4249208277","https://openalex.org/W4251976249","https://openalex.org/W4252973173","https://openalex.org/W4288349237","https://openalex.org/W4293651439","https://openalex.org/W4297783288","https://openalex.org/W4327656380","https://openalex.org/W6602806946","https://openalex.org/W6621954550","https://openalex.org/W6637980283","https://openalex.org/W6674783615","https://openalex.org/W6679197216","https://openalex.org/W6680434193","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6734862562","https://openalex.org/W6744557953","https://openalex.org/W6744563477","https://openalex.org/W6745939357","https://openalex.org/W6748529151","https://openalex.org/W6751943552","https://openalex.org/W6756275745","https://openalex.org/W6762439983","https://openalex.org/W6762445188","https://openalex.org/W6784045861","https://openalex.org/W6788250576","https://openalex.org/W6791624879","https://openalex.org/W6795674675","https://openalex.org/W6797086680","https://openalex.org/W6910621567","https://openalex.org/W7062030810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211139642","https://openalex.org/W2181721856","https://openalex.org/W2381418473","https://openalex.org/W2025879371","https://openalex.org/W2032986081","https://openalex.org/W4403119242","https://openalex.org/W1502305485","https://openalex.org/W826886275","https://openalex.org/W326831310","https://openalex.org/W4211080513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,59,112,127],"provide":[4],"a":[5,32,90,109,168,182],"comprehensive":[6],"critical":[7],"overview":[8],"on":[9,105,172],"how":[10,145],"entities":[11],"and":[12,50,97,122,160,164,175,179],"their":[13,27,129],"interactions":[14],"in":[15,80,100],"Complex":[16],"Networked":[17],"Systems":[18],"(CNS)":[19],"are":[20,152],"modelled":[21,78,87],"across":[22],"disciplines":[23],"as":[24],"they":[25],"approach":[26],"ultimate":[28,136],"goal":[29],"of":[30,53,65,132,166,177,184],"creating":[31],"Digital":[33],"Twin":[34],"(DT)":[35],"that":[36,68],"perfectly":[37],"matches":[38],"the":[39,47,56,61,66,81,98,101,139,147,154,173],"reality.":[40],"We":[41],"propose":[42,108,161],"four":[43],"complexity":[44,63],"dimensions":[45],"for":[46,55],"network":[48],"representation":[49],"five":[51],"generations":[52],"models":[54],"dynamics":[57,77,86],"modelling":[58,117],"describe":[60],"increasing":[62],"level":[64],"CNS":[67,76,85,99,170,178],"will":[69],"be":[70],"developed":[71],"towards":[72],"achieving":[73],"DT":[74,180],"(e.g.":[75],"offline":[79],"1st":[82],"generation":[83],"v.s.":[84],"simultaneously":[88],"with":[89],"two-way":[91],"real":[92],"time":[93],"feedback":[94],"between":[95],"reality":[96],"5th":[102],"generation).":[103],"Based":[104],"that,":[106],"we":[107,142,158],"new":[110],"framework":[111],"conceptually":[113],"compare":[114],"diverse":[115],"existing":[116],"paradigms":[118],"from":[119,153],"different":[120],"perspectives":[121],"create":[123],"unified":[124],"assessment":[125],"criteria":[126],"evaluate":[128],"respective":[130],"capabilities":[131],"reaching":[133],"such":[134],"an":[135],"goal.":[137],"Using":[138],"proposed":[140],"criteria,":[141],"also":[143],"appraise":[144],"far":[146],"reviewed":[148],"current":[149],"state-of-the-art":[150],"approaches":[151],"idealised":[155],"DTs.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"identify":[159],"potential":[162],"directions":[163],"ways":[165],"building":[167],"DT-orientated":[169],"based":[171],"convergence":[174],"integration":[176],"utilising":[181],"variety":[183],"cross-disciplinary":[185],"techniques.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}