{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285108854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183995","title":"Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes\u2014Fundamentals and Design Techniques","display_name":"Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes\u2014Fundamentals and Design Techniques","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285108854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183995","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09798813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09798813.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006815108","display_name":"Mikki How-Wen Loo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-255X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikki How-Wen Loo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048516028","display_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023988341","display_name":"Ka\u2010Meng Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-971X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Meng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088768318","display_name":"Chee Cheow Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-0634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181397559","display_name":"Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03c52a632","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Cheow Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042582772","display_name":"Nai Shyan Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181397559","display_name":"Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03c52a632","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nai Shyan Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130395211","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Superior de Xalapa","ror":"https://ror.org/009rr6x76","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130395211"]}],"countries":["MO","MX","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau","cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto Superior T&#x00E9"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology-ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T&#x00E9","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130395211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006815108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2886,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78950111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"65936","last_page":"65950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7677510380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159934639930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5585893988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timer","display_name":"Timer","score":0.5395057201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5299098491668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4616943597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.44450613856315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.44046786427497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4358825385570526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3077477812767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27572280168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.26184213161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24808117747306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14665192365646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12071222066879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09498822689056396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7677510380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159934639930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5585893988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186612","display_name":"Timer","level":3,"score":0.5395057201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5299098491668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4616943597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44450613856315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.44046786427497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4358825385570526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3077477812767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27572280168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.26184213161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24808117747306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14665192365646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12071222066879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09498822689056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183995","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09798813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb8ea737779f48489e7150be759a393a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb8ea737779f48489e7150be759a393a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 65936-65950 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183995","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09798813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285108854.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285108854.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505176234","https://openalex.org/W1508313459","https://openalex.org/W1524065078","https://openalex.org/W2064437606","https://openalex.org/W2083087340","https://openalex.org/W2178942970","https://openalex.org/W2289415248","https://openalex.org/W2292523461","https://openalex.org/W2318777170","https://openalex.org/W2396389654","https://openalex.org/W2464522166","https://openalex.org/W2467122692","https://openalex.org/W2483945378","https://openalex.org/W2508500107","https://openalex.org/W2517207717","https://openalex.org/W2548357881","https://openalex.org/W2591980830","https://openalex.org/W2594244657","https://openalex.org/W2606989979","https://openalex.org/W2757624695","https://openalex.org/W2759282044","https://openalex.org/W2791908750","https://openalex.org/W2792043410","https://openalex.org/W2799277617","https://openalex.org/W2800271669","https://openalex.org/W2801225540","https://openalex.org/W2806039600","https://openalex.org/W2869328009","https://openalex.org/W2889664870","https://openalex.org/W2892393788","https://openalex.org/W2902269630","https://openalex.org/W2903201626","https://openalex.org/W2941215636","https://openalex.org/W2943257573","https://openalex.org/W2943451000","https://openalex.org/W2945080673","https://openalex.org/W2966218558","https://openalex.org/W2967565126","https://openalex.org/W2980204243","https://openalex.org/W2980979336","https://openalex.org/W2988003811","https://openalex.org/W3011344043","https://openalex.org/W3015926890","https://openalex.org/W3015949732","https://openalex.org/W3023359749","https://openalex.org/W3048747137","https://openalex.org/W3048924999","https://openalex.org/W3089160832","https://openalex.org/W3090956856","https://openalex.org/W3091891573","https://openalex.org/W3108375909","https://openalex.org/W3118825723","https://openalex.org/W3135661566","https://openalex.org/W3139595164","https://openalex.org/W3193066836","https://openalex.org/W3200549077","https://openalex.org/W3207971477","https://openalex.org/W3211036016","https://openalex.org/W4210879646","https://openalex.org/W4221073597","https://openalex.org/W4239733953","https://openalex.org/W6631304252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360439717","https://openalex.org/W2388292776","https://openalex.org/W2765214557","https://openalex.org/W2361181213","https://openalex.org/W1031622928","https://openalex.org/W2350005463","https://openalex.org/W2347554032","https://openalex.org/W4293162581","https://openalex.org/W1459934432","https://openalex.org/W4313647964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,11,41,65,68,74,77],"momentum":[3],"toward":[4],"compact":[5],"and":[6,15,28,36],"low-power":[7],"Internet-of-Things":[8],"(IoT)":[9],"systems,":[10],"research":[12],"on":[13,26],"fully-integrated":[14],"energy-efficient":[16],"kHz-to-MHz":[17],"timers":[18,27],"increased":[19],"explosively.":[20],"This":[21],"article":[22],"examines":[23],"recent":[24,57],"publications":[25],"classifies":[29],"them":[30],"into":[31,56],"two":[32,69],"major":[33],"categories:":[34],"open-loop-based":[35],"close-loop-based":[37],"timers.":[38,72],"Upon":[39],"introducing":[40],"basic":[42],"parameters":[43],"for":[44],"characterizing":[45],"a":[46,81],"timer,":[47],"we":[48,79],"perform":[49],"an":[50],"extensive":[51],"investigation":[52],"to":[53],"gain":[54],"insights":[55],"state-of-the-art":[58],"works.":[59],"We":[60],"also":[61],"discuss":[62],"in":[63],"detail":[64],"comparison":[66],"between":[67],"classes":[70],"of":[71,76],"With":[73],"aid":[75],"state-of-the-art,":[78],"present":[80],"comprehensive":[82],"review":[83],"from":[84],"multiple":[85],"perspectives,":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"<i>Energy":[89],"Efficiency,":[90],"Temperature":[91,93],"Coefficient,":[92],"Range,":[94],"Figure-of-Merit,</i>":[95],"etc.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}
