{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285165653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183643","title":"Hyper-Spherical Search Optimized Fuzzy Logic Control Considering Operating Conditions for Hybrid Tram","display_name":"Hyper-Spherical Search Optimized Fuzzy Logic Control Considering Operating Conditions for Hybrid Tram","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285165653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183643","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09797714.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09797714.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078969008","display_name":"Fengyang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-7622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengyang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-7622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088948040","display_name":"Xuanyu Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-6576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078969008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75376515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"65925","last_page":"65935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.634811282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6107420921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.505235493183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.49341335892677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.46329960227012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.4283263385295868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4272744357585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4154059588909149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.3796449899673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35965996980667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3243112564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2323780059814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.22567564249038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15801399946212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1415458619594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11229285597801208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.634811282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6107420921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.505235493183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.49341335892677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.46329960227012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.4283263385295868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4272744357585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4154059588909149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.3796449899673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35965996980667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3243112564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2323780059814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.22567564249038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15801399946212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1415458619594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11229285597801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183643","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09797714.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24da201eab4e4a458dc555edbc24d6c3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24da201eab4e4a458dc555edbc24d6c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 65925-65935 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3183643","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09797714.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285165653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285165653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996984710","https://openalex.org/W1997448181","https://openalex.org/W2106380910","https://openalex.org/W2112112990","https://openalex.org/W2150198213","https://openalex.org/W2277496079","https://openalex.org/W2464668587","https://openalex.org/W2519221640","https://openalex.org/W2791920409","https://openalex.org/W2801457173","https://openalex.org/W2861266973","https://openalex.org/W2887597614","https://openalex.org/W2904043189","https://openalex.org/W2905345273","https://openalex.org/W2921425569","https://openalex.org/W2952533115","https://openalex.org/W2990463079","https://openalex.org/W3036721101","https://openalex.org/W3106672809","https://openalex.org/W3129433628","https://openalex.org/W3160856464","https://openalex.org/W3197775103","https://openalex.org/W4200101407","https://openalex.org/W4200591162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W4385625847","https://openalex.org/W3195056770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rule-based":[0],"control":[1,79,125,150,186],"strategy":[2,179,187],"has":[3,13],"significant":[4],"advantages":[5],"of":[6,26,36,75,96,100,109,123,130,140,165,195,216],"strong":[7],"robustness":[8],"and":[9,12,41,67,85,136,159,198,200,224],"high":[10,97],"flexibility,":[11],"gradually":[14],"become":[15],"a":[16],"classical":[17],"implementation":[18],"method":[19,53],"to":[20,44,90,104,119,183],"optimize":[21,120],"the":[22,34,71,82,93,106,110,113,121,127,131,137,141,148,163,177,208,213,217,225,234],"energy":[23,58,142,201],"management":[24],"performance":[25,108],"modern":[27,166],"energy-storage":[28],"trams.":[29],"However,":[30],"it":[31],"also":[32],"faces":[33],"problems":[35],"over-reliance":[37],"on":[38],"expert":[39],"experience":[40],"poor":[42],"adaptability":[43],"operating":[45,91],"conditions.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"an":[48],"improved":[49],"dynamic":[50,107,237],"power":[51,98,189],"distribution":[52],"for":[54],"tram":[55,167,227],"lithium":[56,132,196,218],"battery/supercapacitor":[57],"storage":[59,143,202],"system":[60,144,203],"is":[61,102,117,134,145,220,229],"proposed,":[62],"which":[63],"introduces":[64],"road":[65],"slope":[66],"running":[68],"speed":[69],"into":[70],"decision":[72,155],"variable":[73],"layer":[74],"traditional":[76,184,209],"fuzzy":[77,124,149,185],"logic":[78],"input.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"membership":[83],"functions":[84],"domain":[86],"are":[87,157],"formulated":[88],"according":[89],"conditions,":[92],"response":[94],"time":[95],"density":[99],"supercapacitor":[101],"adjusted":[103],"improve":[105],"tram.":[111],"Secondly,":[112],"hyper-spherical":[114],"search":[115],"algorithm":[116],"used":[118],"weight":[122,211,236],"rules,":[126],"peak":[128,214],"current":[129,215],"battery":[133,197,219],"minimized":[135],"life":[138],"span":[139],"increased.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"strategies":[151],"combined":[152],"with":[153,207],"different":[154],"variables":[156],"compared":[158],"analyzed":[160],"by":[161,222,231],"using":[162],"data":[164],"western":[168],"suburban":[169],"line":[170],"in":[171,188,233],"Beijing.":[172],"The":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"that":[176],"proposed":[178],"achieves":[180],"multiple":[181],"superior":[182],"distribution,":[190],"charge":[191],"state":[192],"offset":[193],"ranges":[194],"supercapacitor,":[199],"overall":[204],"efficiency.":[205],"Compared":[206],"fixed":[210],"scheme,":[212],"reduced":[221],"31.02%":[223],"continuous":[226],"mileage":[228],"increased":[230],"22.45%":[232],"rule":[235],"optimization":[238],"scheme.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}