{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285186168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757","title":"Deployment Strategies for Large Intelligent Surfaces","display_name":"Deployment Strategies for Large Intelligent Surfaces","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285186168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101921269","display_name":"Andreia Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-0218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I285663978","display_name":"Weatherford College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xwsbr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreia Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","&#x00F5","es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-0218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00F5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"es, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002140807","display_name":"Fredrik Rusek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Rusek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-3858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024523893","display_name":"Marco Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I285663978","display_name":"Weatherford College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xwsbr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","&#x00F5","es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-525X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00F5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"es, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034724801","display_name":"Rui Dinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I285663978","display_name":"Weatherford College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xwsbr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","es, Portugal","FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal","&#x00F5"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"es, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00F5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I285663978"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101921269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I285663978","https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74591849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"61753","last_page":"61768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.8046550154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7621753811836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5753408074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5517697334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.48580384254455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4575580358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3960670232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3747560977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.19780924916267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10625842213630676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.8046550154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7621753811836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5753408074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5517697334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.48580384254455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4575580358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3960670232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3747560977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19780924916267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10625842213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:592292ca358a4e9687d61f5205e63511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/592292ca358a4e9687d61f5205e63511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 61753-61768 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:42f15ed4-9131-4057-a8ba-5e825c130b49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/42f15ed4-9131-4057-a8ba-5e825c130b49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2169-3536","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1720287294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER-PT2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3135102473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/137745/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3375535518","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8568028496","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","funder_award_id":"UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2592240905","https://openalex.org/W2592937384","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2894312746","https://openalex.org/W2895870931","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2964142462","https://openalex.org/W2969001189","https://openalex.org/W2997056960","https://openalex.org/W3010838957","https://openalex.org/W3011590636","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3033425325","https://openalex.org/W3041836163","https://openalex.org/W3043119790","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3044936887","https://openalex.org/W3045212475","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3094186382","https://openalex.org/W3111641699","https://openalex.org/W3129062696","https://openalex.org/W3129806395","https://openalex.org/W3171366660","https://openalex.org/W6787708613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204547643","https://openalex.org/W1497578837","https://openalex.org/W4293208944","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W4294892273","https://openalex.org/W2355697382","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W2157434987","https://openalex.org/W2622425222","https://openalex.org/W2546635662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beyond":[0],"5G":[1,62],"communication":[2,63],"systems":[3],"must":[4],"be":[5,58],"able":[6],"to":[7,57,66,88,171,178,196],"meet":[8],"the":[9,13,54,67,92,112,115,123,128,141,162,216,240,245],"requirements":[10],"imposed":[11],"by":[12,98,136],"ever-increasing":[14],"demand":[15],"in":[16,60,78,156,243],"capacity,":[17],"while":[18],"guaranteeing":[19],"robustness,":[20],"reliability,":[21],"low":[22],"latency,":[23],"security,":[24],"as":[25,27,36,51],"well":[26],"spectral":[28],"and":[29,96,102,131],"power":[30],"efficiencies.":[31],"Large":[32],"intelligent":[33],"surfaces":[34],"(LIS)":[35],"an":[37,137,180],"evolution":[38],"of":[39,53,70,80,117,125,149,176,200,220,227,247],"massive":[40,68],"MIMO":[41],"have":[42],"drawn":[43],"considerable":[44],"attention":[45],"among":[46],"researchers,":[47],"being":[48],"already":[49],"considered":[50],"one":[52],"key":[55],"technologies":[56],"included":[59],"beyond":[61],"systems.":[64],"Due":[65],"number":[69,116,199],"antennas,":[71],"it":[72,212],"also":[73],"brings":[74],"several":[75],"challenges":[76],"namely":[77],"terms":[79],"computational":[81],"complexity.":[82,210],"In":[83,110],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86],"intend":[87],"provide":[89,179],"guidelines":[90],"for":[91,106],"LIS":[93,177],"practical":[94],"implementation":[95,209],"configuration":[97],"specifying":[99],"system":[100],"parameters":[101],"their":[103],"consequent":[104],"relationship":[105],"a":[107,173,197],"panel-based":[108],"LIS.":[109],"particular,":[111],"interplay":[113],"between":[114],"baseband":[118,191,201],"outputs":[119,192,202],"per":[120,193,203],"square":[121,204],"metre,":[122,205],"fraction":[124,175],"activated":[126,248],"area,":[127],"panel":[129,159,224,229],"size":[130],"terminal":[132,183],"density":[133],"is":[134,168,213,235],"summarised":[135],"empirical":[138],"law":[139],"under":[140],"assumption":[142],"that":[143,166,215,231],"all":[144],"terminals":[145],"experience":[146],"reasonable":[147],"quality":[148],"service.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"performance":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that,":[155],"general,":[157],"moderate":[158],"sizes":[160],"offer":[161],"best":[163],"rates,":[164],"highlighting":[165],"there":[167],"no":[169],"need":[170],"activate":[172],"large":[174],"acceptable":[181],"minimum":[182],"rate.":[184],"However,":[185],"such":[186],"fractions":[187],"may":[188],"require":[189],"more":[190],"panel,":[194],"leading":[195],"higher":[198,208],"translating":[206],"into":[207],"Finally,":[211],"observed":[214],"implicit":[217],"rate":[218],"loss":[219],"using":[221],"sparse":[222],"static":[223],"deployments":[225,230],"instead":[226],"contiguous":[228],"are":[232],"dynamically":[233],"activated/deactivated":[234],"not":[236],"so":[237],"significant,":[238],"omitting":[239],"complexity":[241],"involved":[242],"managing":[244],"set":[246],"panels.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}