{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285281307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181197","title":"Light Attack: A Physical World Real-Time Attack Against Object Classifiers","display_name":"Light Attack: A Physical World Real-Time Attack Against Object Classifiers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285281307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791340.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063187928","display_name":"Ruizhe Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4891-9820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhe Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029494148","display_name":"Ting Rui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-5874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011392298","display_name":"Yan Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-9662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066402253","display_name":"Jinkang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-6744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinkang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027786646","display_name":"Qunyan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3471-715X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qunyan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101263227","display_name":"Yinan Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University, PLA, Nanjing 210007 CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063187928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4139,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67520263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"36601","last_page":"36610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.933899998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7950533628463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5710549354553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5467371940612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5144029259681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4768484830856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4616715908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4322744905948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.353532612323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08800733089447021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7950533628463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5710549354553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5467371940612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5144029259681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4768484830856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4616715908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4322744905948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.353532612323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08800733089447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ea9f9bb2d8e481a84f8dd054ec7e23f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ea9f9bb2d8e481a84f8dd054ec7e23f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 36601-36610 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1122929303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC08029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152123033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0802904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850960841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8607830349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.1109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285281307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285281307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2619479788","https://openalex.org/W2727966874","https://openalex.org/W2741933435","https://openalex.org/W2759471388","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2797694788","https://openalex.org/W2890054895","https://openalex.org/W2963404857","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964077693","https://openalex.org/W2988535323","https://openalex.org/W3035447895","https://openalex.org/W3094821564","https://openalex.org/W3095448863","https://openalex.org/W3097573595","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W3107990944","https://openalex.org/W3116095699","https://openalex.org/W3119652083","https://openalex.org/W3174032462","https://openalex.org/W4287273019","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4294517337","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6740446203","https://openalex.org/W6741036071","https://openalex.org/W6751839145","https://openalex.org/W6754363872","https://openalex.org/W6785144012","https://openalex.org/W6785841629","https://openalex.org/W6787521885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2361278909","https://openalex.org/W2352536444","https://openalex.org/W2349982312","https://openalex.org/W2388605575","https://openalex.org/W3034765317","https://openalex.org/W2369577326","https://openalex.org/W2335190812","https://openalex.org/W4214937936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,110,125],"well":[2,152],"known":[3],"that":[4,31,106],"deep":[5],"neural":[6],"networks":[7],"(DNNs)":[8],"are":[9,32],"vulnerable":[10],"to":[11,34,86],"adversarial":[12,88,139],"examples.":[13],"In":[14,36,52],"the":[15,20,37,57,79,134,138,143,154],"digital":[16,114],"world,":[17,39],"most":[18],"of":[19,64,84,137,156],"existing":[21,40,101,129],"work":[22,41],"makes":[23],"classifiers":[24,44,59],"or":[25,45],"detectors":[26,46],"fail":[27],"by":[28,47],"adding":[29,48],"perturbations":[30],"imperceptible":[33],"humans.":[35],"physical":[38,116],"mostly":[42],"invalidates":[43],"large":[49],"unrealistic":[50],"perturbations.":[51],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,68,77,92],"attack":[56,123,132,140,158],"target":[58],"from":[60],"a":[61],"new":[62],"perspective":[63],"light":[65,85,149,157],"attack.":[66],"First,":[67],"define":[69],"three":[70],"lighting":[71],"modes":[72],"(Line,":[73],"Point,":[74],"Area),":[75],"then":[76],"control":[78],"wavelength,":[80],"intensity":[81],"and":[82,90,96,115,118],"position":[83],"accomplish":[87],"attack,":[89],"finally":[91],"conduct":[93],"ablation":[94],"experiments":[95],"compare":[97],"our":[98,107,122],"method":[99,109,124],"with":[100],"mainstream":[102],"methods.":[103],"Experiments":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"proposed":[108],"effective":[111],"in":[112,119,160],"both":[113],"worlds,":[117],"darker":[120],"environments,":[121],"much":[126],"better":[127],"than":[128],"ones.":[130],"Light":[131],"enriches":[133],"current":[135],"family":[136],"while":[141],"paving":[142],"way":[144],"for":[145],"future":[146],"defense":[147],"against":[148],"attacks":[150],"as":[151,153],"study":[155],"laws":[159],"nature.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
