{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285130490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181167","title":"NICUface: Robust Neonatal Face Detection in Complex NICU Scenes","display_name":"NICUface: Robust Neonatal Face Detection in Complex NICU Scenes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285130490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181167","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791241.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001027044","display_name":"Yasmina Souley Dosso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasmina Souley Dosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-4905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074791872","display_name":"Daniel G. Kyrollos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kyrollos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-959X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077430608","display_name":"Kim Greenwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-4866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799330578","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/05nsbhw27","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799330578"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberley J. Greenwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","Children&#x2019","s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-4866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799330578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010829848","display_name":"JoAnn Harrold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799330578","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/05nsbhw27","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799330578"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joann Harrold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada","Children&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-6570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799330578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children&#x2019","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078223816","display_name":"James R. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.9637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98872912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"62893","last_page":"62909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7289365530014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6863071918487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-intensive-care-unit","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","score":0.6456629037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5566582679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5277079939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.45842161774635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.44918522238731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.42332789301872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3967527449131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32888635993003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1918836534023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics","display_name":"Pediatrics","score":0.1166238784790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07958269119262695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7289365530014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6863071918487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777091541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9008292","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.6456629037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5566582679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5277079939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.45842161774635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.44918522238731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.42332789301872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3967527449131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32888635993003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1918836534023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.1166238784790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07958269119262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181167","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56aeaf8ba0f54216ba988824ab63e2f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56aeaf8ba0f54216ba988824ab63e2f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 62893-62909 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3181167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3181167","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9791217/09791241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2996569782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRDPJ 543940-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334971","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334971","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00zgdb249"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1554258465","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2012885984","https://openalex.org/W2013170998","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2049730379","https://openalex.org/W2064560406","https://openalex.org/W2065745117","https://openalex.org/W2101866605","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2128776923","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2294640577","https://openalex.org/W2312190123","https://openalex.org/W2324187321","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2513140567","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2608058963","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W2946383377","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2996299673","https://openalex.org/W3013988936","https://openalex.org/W3018930528","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3041333338","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3107763696","https://openalex.org/W3110091040","https://openalex.org/W3153528690","https://openalex.org/W3157820018","https://openalex.org/W3173822930","https://openalex.org/W3175906877","https://openalex.org/W3186419559","https://openalex.org/W3196999607","https://openalex.org/W3201291817","https://openalex.org/W3201460062","https://openalex.org/W3205142155","https://openalex.org/W4200048837","https://openalex.org/W4205538083","https://openalex.org/W6607458078","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6725923168","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6795836335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W2059356388","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2970510692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,56,63,188,200,231],"non-contact":[3],"patient":[4],"monitoring":[5],"applications":[6,50],"for":[7,81,87],"the":[8,57,88,99,105,146,186,241],"neonatal":[9,89,124,137,198],"intensive":[10],"care":[11],"unit":[12],"(NICU)":[13],"is":[14,224],"an":[15,53,229],"active":[16],"research":[17],"area,":[18],"particularly":[19],"in":[20,46,101,104,114,129,185,205],"facial":[21,28,38],"video":[22,29],"analysis.":[23],"Recent":[24],"studies":[25,67,150],"have":[26,68,75],"used":[27],"data":[30],"to":[31,145,160,212,228],"estimate":[32],"vital":[33],"signs,":[34],"assess":[35],"pain":[36],"from":[37,141,178],"expression,":[39],"differentiate":[40],"sleep-wake":[41],"status,":[42],"detect":[43],"jaundice,":[44],"and":[45,135,151,203,208,218,240],"face":[47,59,78,102,125,154,162,237,242],"recognition.":[48],"These":[49,182],"depend":[51],"on":[52,194],"accurate":[54],"definition":[55],"patient’s":[58],"as":[60,171],"a":[61],"region":[62],"interest":[64],"(ROI).":[65],"Most":[66],"required":[69],"manual":[70],"ROI":[71],"definition,":[72],"while":[73],"others":[74],"leveraged":[76],"automated":[77],"detectors":[79,191],"developed":[80],"adult":[82],"patients,":[83],"without":[84],"systematic":[85],"validation":[86],"population.":[90],"To":[91],"overcome":[92],"these":[93],"issues,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"first":[97],"evaluates":[98],"state-of-the-art":[100,161,213],"detection":[103],"NICU":[106,116,147],"setting.":[107],"Finding":[108],"that":[109],"such":[110,170],"methods":[111],"often":[112],"fail":[113],"complex":[115],"environments,":[117],"we":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"how":[120],"fine-tuning":[121],"can":[122],"increase":[123],"detector":[126],"robustness,":[127],"resulting":[128],"our":[130,164,195],"NICUface":[131,165,190,234],"models.":[132,220],"A":[133],"large":[134],"diverse":[136],"dataset":[138,199],"was":[139],"gathered":[140],"actual":[142],"patients":[143],"admitted":[144],"across":[148],"three":[149],"gold":[152],"standard":[153],"annotations":[155],"were":[156],"completed.":[157],"In":[158],"comparison":[159],"detectors,":[163],"models":[166],"address":[167],"NICU-specific":[168],"challenges":[169],"ongoing":[172],"clinical":[173],"intervention,":[174],"phototherapy":[175],"lighting,":[176],"occlusions":[177],"hospital":[179],"equipment,":[180],"etc.":[181],"analyses":[183],"culminate":[184],"creation":[187],"robust":[189],"with":[192],"improvements":[193],"most":[196],"challenging":[197],"+36.14,":[201],"+35.86,":[202],"+32.19":[204],"AP30,":[206],"AP50,":[207],"mAP":[209],"respectively,":[210],"relative":[211],"CE-CLM,":[214],"MTCNN,":[215],"img2pose,":[216],"RetinaFace,":[217],"YOLO5Face":[219],"Face":[221],"orientation":[222,243],"estimation":[223,244],"also":[225,247],"addressed,":[226],"leading":[227],"accuracy":[230],"99.45%.":[232],"Fine-tuned":[233],"models,":[235],"gold-standard":[236],"annotation":[238],"data,":[239],"method":[245],"are":[246],"released":[248],"here.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}