{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285119300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3178437","title":"A Novel LoRa LPWAN-Based Communication Architecture for Search & Rescue Missions","display_name":"A Novel LoRa LPWAN-Based Communication Architecture for Search & Rescue Missions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285119300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3178437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3178437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3178437","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09783031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09783031.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079664887","display_name":"Melvin P. Manuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-3664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melvin P. Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","Department of Electrical &#x0026"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-3664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030087655","display_name":"Mariam Faied","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2475-2341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Faied","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","Department of Electrical &#x0026"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523780","display_name":"Mohan Krishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7992-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","Department of Electrical &#x0026"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87266128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"57596","last_page":"57607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-and-rescue","display_name":"Search and rescue","score":0.914136528968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9126582145690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7784737348556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-area","display_name":"Disaster area","score":0.6466280221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6439487934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rescue-robot","display_name":"Rescue robot","score":0.6432229280471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5436384677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management","display_name":"Emergency management","score":0.5094085335731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.48838943243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4788118004798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-response","display_name":"Disaster response","score":0.4564608931541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42182812094688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29266995191574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.2332591712474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.20377174019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19946691393852234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.914136528968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9126582145690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7784737348556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779481623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115986","display_name":"Disaster area","level":2,"score":0.6466280221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6439487934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17006198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315030","display_name":"Rescue robot","level":4,"score":0.6432229280471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5436384677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.5094085335731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.48838943243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4788118004798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018653863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281355","display_name":"Disaster response","level":3,"score":0.4564608931541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42182812094688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29266995191574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.2332591712474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.20377174019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19946691393852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3178437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3178437","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09783031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4557c9317274887b49f556c838e1feb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4557c9317274887b49f556c838e1feb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 57596-57607 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3178437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3178437","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09783031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285119300.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285119300.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995041467","https://openalex.org/W2004197977","https://openalex.org/W2041094000","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2534600276","https://openalex.org/W2613007660","https://openalex.org/W2737162658","https://openalex.org/W2747953256","https://openalex.org/W2807243554","https://openalex.org/W2893872503","https://openalex.org/W2897120569","https://openalex.org/W2946355494","https://openalex.org/W2967204064","https://openalex.org/W2990638451","https://openalex.org/W2992061608","https://openalex.org/W3006251489","https://openalex.org/W3017199676","https://openalex.org/W3035523253","https://openalex.org/W3133747961","https://openalex.org/W3187035798","https://openalex.org/W4200330344","https://openalex.org/W4242943283","https://openalex.org/W4282043858","https://openalex.org/W6737661556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206733587","https://openalex.org/W3101748978","https://openalex.org/W2947046611","https://openalex.org/W2920942130","https://openalex.org/W1518615326","https://openalex.org/W2542192454","https://openalex.org/W4285119300","https://openalex.org/W2314456136","https://openalex.org/W2405499343","https://openalex.org/W2069775768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"avoid":[1],"risking":[2],"the":[3,10,29,33,44,50,64,67,71,150,164],"lives":[4],"of":[5,12,32,76,152],"rescue":[6,41,92],"team":[7],"personnel":[8],"in":[9,36,79,121,137],"event":[11],"disasters":[13],"like":[14],"earthquakes,":[15],"volcanic":[16],"eruptions,":[17],"hurricanes,":[18],"etc.,":[19],"Search":[20],"and":[21,66,105,157,169],"Rescue":[22],"(SAR)":[23],"robots":[24,39,65],"are":[25,111],"increasingly":[26],"incorporated":[27],"into":[28,40],"operation.":[30],"One":[31],"major":[34],"challenges":[35],"integrating":[37],"SAR":[38,107,116],"operations":[42],"is":[43,57,114],"potentially":[45],"severely":[46,81],"damaged":[47],"infrastructure":[48,128],"within":[49],"disaster":[51,83,123],"site.":[52],"A":[53],"functional":[54],"communication":[55,77,87,127],"system":[56],"critical":[58],"for":[59,89],"exchanging":[60],"real-time":[61],"information":[62],"between":[63],"base":[68,174],"station.":[69,175],"Given":[70],"limited":[72],"coverage":[73],"or":[74],"absence":[75],"systems":[78],"a":[80,85,106,115,138,172],"affected":[82],"site,":[84],"novel":[86],"architecture":[88],"search":[90],"&":[91],"missions":[93],"based":[94],"on":[95],"Long":[96],"Range":[97],"(LoRa)":[98],"Low":[99],"Power":[100],"Wide":[101],"Area":[102],"Network":[103],"(LPWAN)":[104],"robot":[108,117,166],"called":[109],"Rescuer":[110,113,165],"proposed.":[112],"that":[118],"can":[119],"operate":[120],"worst-case":[122],"sites":[124],"where":[125],"all":[126],"has":[129,134],"been":[130,135],"wiped":[131],"out.":[132],"It":[133],"tested":[136],"Gazebo":[139],"simulated":[140],"environment":[141],"as":[142,144],"well":[143],"an":[145],"actual":[146],"test":[147],"setup":[148],"inside":[149],"University":[151],"Detroit":[153],"Mercy’s":[154],"lab":[155],"facility":[156],"showed":[158],"great":[159],"promise.":[160],"In":[161],"this":[162],"test,":[163],"was":[167],"monitored":[168],"controlled":[170],"from":[171],"remote":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}