{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285220288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177743","title":"Instruction Set Extension of a RiscV Based SoC for Driver Drowsiness Detection","display_name":"Instruction Set Extension of a RiscV Based SoC for Driver Drowsiness Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285220288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3177743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09781409.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09781409.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092307487","display_name":"Seyed Kian Mousavikia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-8040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Kian Mousavikia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-8040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040217612","display_name":"Erfan Gholizadehazari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erfan Gholizadehazari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000626357","display_name":"Morteza Mousazadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-5208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Mousazadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-5208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003233119","display_name":"Berna \u00d6rs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddika Berna Ors Yalcin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89328888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"58151","last_page":"58162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7009075880050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.6854623556137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5238732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35583722591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.109093576669693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7009075880050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6854623556137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5238732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35583722591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.109093576669693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3177743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09781409.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:542f67d300884632ae860389b61b148c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/542f67d300884632ae860389b61b148c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 58151-58162 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/38198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/38198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3177743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09781409.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G716552313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"119N641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324299","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324489","display_name":"Istanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324703","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325384","display_name":"Ministry of Science Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/004v5tb85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285220288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285220288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101956459","https://openalex.org/W2738749209","https://openalex.org/W2789261132","https://openalex.org/W2894818097","https://openalex.org/W2896300480","https://openalex.org/W2935524202","https://openalex.org/W2969846993","https://openalex.org/W2997475949","https://openalex.org/W3008162595","https://openalex.org/W3011338798","https://openalex.org/W3019985649","https://openalex.org/W3027968530","https://openalex.org/W3081539007","https://openalex.org/W3089043296","https://openalex.org/W3099901430","https://openalex.org/W3155738052","https://openalex.org/W3183110055","https://openalex.org/W3184071528","https://openalex.org/W3186408724","https://openalex.org/W6794957168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2075768550","https://openalex.org/W3022218857","https://openalex.org/W2369178846","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2370289839","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,73,83,95,98,120,126,140,154,160],"design":[4],"and":[5,52,90,113,115,134,157,166,168],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,85,145,151,173],"a":[8,15,20,35,124],"driver":[9],"drowsiness":[10],"detection":[11],"(DDD)":[12],"system":[13],"using":[14],"modified":[16,101],"RiscV":[17,36],"processor":[18,99,127,156,161],"on":[19,34,60],"field-programmable":[21],"gate":[22],"array":[23],"(FPGA).":[24],"To":[25],"detect":[26],"drowsiness,":[27],"Convolutional":[28],"Neural":[29],"Network":[30],"(CNN)":[31],"is":[32,40,58,76,100],"implemented":[33],"processor.":[37],"The":[38,54],"CNN":[39,56,75],"trained":[41,55,74],"to":[42,65,118],"classify":[43],"four":[44],"primary":[45],"driver&#x2019;s":[46],"expressions,":[47],"including":[48,107],"distraction,":[49],"natural,":[50],"sleep,":[51],"yawn.":[53],"accuracy":[57],"81.07%":[59],"validation":[61],"data.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63],"due":[64],"FPGA":[66],"memory":[67,92],"limitations,":[68],"written":[69],"C":[70],"code":[71],"for":[72],"optimized":[77],"in":[78,143,171,176],"numerous":[79],"ways.":[80],"Optimizations":[81],"include":[82],"usage":[84],"dynamic":[86,91],"fixed-point":[87],"data":[88],"types":[89],"allocations.":[93],"On":[94],"other":[96],"hand,":[97],"by":[102],"adding":[103],"three":[104],"custom":[105,108,129,137,164],"instructions,":[106],"store,":[109,130],"conv2d(2":[110,131],"&#x00D7;":[111,132],"2),":[112,133],"multiply":[114,167],"accumulation":[116,169],"(MAC)":[117,170],"enhance":[119],"computation":[121],"rate.":[122],"As":[123],"result,":[125],"with":[128,147,162],"MAC":[135],"as":[136],"instructions":[138],"achieved":[139],"best":[141],"result":[142],"terms":[144],"latency,":[146],"an":[148],"improvement":[149],"factor":[150],"1.7":[152],"over":[153,159],"base":[155],"1.25":[158],"only":[163],"store":[165],"exchange":[172],"slight":[174],"increase":[175],"area.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-07-14T00:00:00"}
