{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285230083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3176385","title":"A Survey on Trusted Distributed Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"A Survey on Trusted Distributed Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285230083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3176385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3176385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3176385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09777972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09777972.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041213965","display_name":"Muhammed Akif A\u011fca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-3829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Akif A\u011eCA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037170830","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Faye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Faye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041439610","display_name":"Djamel Khadraoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djamel Khadraoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology / LIST, Esch-Sur-Alzette, LUXEMBOURG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041213965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85011551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"55308","last_page":"55337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.846222996711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5405318737030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5344558954238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4267219007015228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4157710075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4147106409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1204526424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11048874258995056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.846222996711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5405318737030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5344558954238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4267219007015228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4157710075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4147106409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1204526424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11048874258995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3176385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3176385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09777972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e5c76ab204574e57b16ed6d2d02ef5e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e5c76ab204574e57b16ed6d2d02ef5e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 55308-55337 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3176385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3176385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09777972.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316401","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285230083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285230083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136347695","https://openalex.org/W1441180700","https://openalex.org/W1564234399","https://openalex.org/W1564534945","https://openalex.org/W1567197833","https://openalex.org/W1581189024","https://openalex.org/W1795020324","https://openalex.org/W1977396598","https://openalex.org/W2015370755","https://openalex.org/W2022160787","https://openalex.org/W2030146731","https://openalex.org/W2055630539","https://openalex.org/W2064461957","https://openalex.org/W2068849277","https://openalex.org/W2077459268","https://openalex.org/W2091936226","https://openalex.org/W2101214690","https://openalex.org/W2103902040","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2132269953","https://openalex.org/W2144553078","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2147492008","https://openalex.org/W2155388085","https://openalex.org/W2164740236","https://openalex.org/W2169414316","https://openalex.org/W2170918595","https://openalex.org/W2172212694","https://openalex.org/W2184623761","https://openalex.org/W2268702383","https://openalex.org/W2321340952","https://openalex.org/W2344028138","https://openalex.org/W2508555779","https://openalex.org/W2509412249","https://openalex.org/W2546571074","https://openalex.org/W2734960189","https://openalex.org/W2895891814","https://openalex.org/W2902795288","https://openalex.org/W2904135993","https://openalex.org/W2912669375","https://openalex.org/W2913848079","https://openalex.org/W2925929165","https://openalex.org/W2946550012","https://openalex.org/W2955128325","https://openalex.org/W2962727772","https://openalex.org/W2963433607","https://openalex.org/W2964771972","https://openalex.org/W2968511602","https://openalex.org/W2968772574","https://openalex.org/W2975495759","https://openalex.org/W2980441098","https://openalex.org/W2981791963","https://openalex.org/W2986379325","https://openalex.org/W2994284558","https://openalex.org/W3004158152","https://openalex.org/W3008496269","https://openalex.org/W3009428736","https://openalex.org/W3009944937","https://openalex.org/W3010845526","https://openalex.org/W3013400874","https://openalex.org/W3019705115","https://openalex.org/W3021423880","https://openalex.org/W3042045432","https://openalex.org/W3044055194","https://openalex.org/W3047277500","https://openalex.org/W3082020764","https://openalex.org/W3100515187","https://openalex.org/W3105668694","https://openalex.org/W3109766156","https://openalex.org/W3110465280","https://openalex.org/W3111919928","https://openalex.org/W3112702808","https://openalex.org/W3113091791","https://openalex.org/W3115505421","https://openalex.org/W3117961507","https://openalex.org/W3120139205","https://openalex.org/W3120567430","https://openalex.org/W3130559101","https://openalex.org/W3140062895","https://openalex.org/W3145423774","https://openalex.org/W3150603910","https://openalex.org/W3158418101","https://openalex.org/W3161139137","https://openalex.org/W3165978460","https://openalex.org/W3185288957","https://openalex.org/W3186967175","https://openalex.org/W3196878063","https://openalex.org/W3197977787","https://openalex.org/W3205026719","https://openalex.org/W3206490339","https://openalex.org/W4205140476","https://openalex.org/W4213272462","https://openalex.org/W4229644863","https://openalex.org/W4236786653","https://openalex.org/W4237211040","https://openalex.org/W4239696231","https://openalex.org/W4246981015","https://openalex.org/W4250390143","https://openalex.org/W4286397771","https://openalex.org/W4287550786","https://openalex.org/W4287752356","https://openalex.org/W4288357154","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297785643","https://openalex.org/W6605495176","https://openalex.org/W6628415832","https://openalex.org/W6633899233","https://openalex.org/W6638315466","https://openalex.org/W6638908295","https://openalex.org/W6639499047","https://openalex.org/W6677912783","https://openalex.org/W6684980599","https://openalex.org/W6686239164","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6756645359","https://openalex.org/W6756907390","https://openalex.org/W6758975236","https://openalex.org/W6762039957","https://openalex.org/W6762333915","https://openalex.org/W6762521645","https://openalex.org/W6765937758","https://openalex.org/W6768394718","https://openalex.org/W6773772918","https://openalex.org/W6776925285","https://openalex.org/W6780542888","https://openalex.org/W6786790660","https://openalex.org/W6787050711","https://openalex.org/W6787443072","https://openalex.org/W6787881756","https://openalex.org/W6788455265","https://openalex.org/W6790504297","https://openalex.org/W6790697447","https://openalex.org/W6795631743","https://openalex.org/W6798555861","https://openalex.org/W6840698961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390608645","https://openalex.org/W4247566972","https://openalex.org/W2960264696","https://openalex.org/W3090563135","https://openalex.org/W2497432351","https://openalex.org/W4206777497","https://openalex.org/W4233347783","https://openalex.org/W2910064364","https://openalex.org/W4255224757","https://openalex.org/W2499527417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"systems":[4,120,211],"are":[5,59,132,144],"revolutionizing":[6],"computing":[7],"and":[8,56,62,70,102,109,121,127,134,163,183,195,212,222],"data":[9],"processing":[10],"approaches":[11,79],"with":[12,21,88,97,114,136,172],"their":[13,115,213],"strong":[14],"impact":[15],"on":[16,139,198],"society.":[17],"Data":[18],"is":[19],"processed":[20],"automated":[22],"labelling":[23],"pipelines":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"providing":[27],"it":[28],"as":[29,186],"input":[30],"to":[31,51,65,68,83,147],"the":[32,38,72,189,191],"system.":[33],"The":[34,142],"innovative":[35],"nature":[36],"increases":[37],"overall":[39],"performance":[40],"of":[41,200],"monitoring/detection/reaction":[42],"mechanisms":[43,58,87,182],"for":[44,118,155,179],"efficient":[45],"system":[46],"resource":[47],"management.":[48],"However,":[49],"due":[50],"hardware-driven":[52],"design":[53,78],"limitations,":[54],"networking":[55,90],"trust":[57,192],"not":[60],"flexible":[61],"adaptive":[63,76],"enough":[64],"be":[66,166,206,220],"able":[67],"interact":[69],"control":[71],"resources":[73],"dynamically.":[74],"Novel":[75],"software-driven":[77],"can":[80,165,205],"enable":[81],"us":[82],"build":[84],"growing":[85,122,180],"intelligent":[86,123,181],"software-defined":[89],"(SDN)":[91],"features":[92],"by":[93],"virtualizing":[94],"network":[95],"functionalities":[96],"maximized":[98],"features.":[99],"These":[100],"challenges":[101,129,143],"critical":[103],"feature":[104],"sets":[105],"have":[106],"been":[107],"identified":[108],"introduced":[110],"into":[111],"this":[112],"survey":[113],"scientific":[116],"background":[117],"AI":[119,159,203],"mechanisms.":[124,160],"Furthermore,":[125,185],"obstacles":[126],"research":[128],"between":[130],"1950-2021":[131],"explored":[133,221],"discussed":[135],"a":[137,169],"focus":[138],"recent":[140],"years.":[141],"categorized":[145],"according":[146],"three":[148],"defined":[149],"architectural":[150],"perspectives":[151],"(central,":[152],"decentral/autonomous,":[153],"distributed/hybrid)":[154],"emerging":[156,209],"trusted":[157],"distributed":[158,210],"Therefore,":[161],"resiliency":[162],"robustness":[164],"assured":[167],"in":[168,188,208,224],"dynamic":[170],"context":[171],"an":[173],"end-to-end":[174],"Trusted":[175,201],"Execution":[176],"Environment":[177],"(TEE)":[178],"systems.":[184],"presented":[187],"paper,":[190],"measurement,":[193],"quantification,":[194],"justification":[196],"methodologies":[197],"top":[199],"Distributed":[202],"(TDAI)":[204],"applied":[207],"underlying":[214],"diverse":[215],"application":[216],"domains,":[217],"which":[218],"will":[219],"experimented":[223],"our":[225],"future":[226],"related":[227],"works.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}