{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285160154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175497","title":"Summary of DNS Over HTTPS Abuse","display_name":"Summary of DNS Over HTTPS Abuse","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285160154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175497","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775718.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088718699","display_name":"Karel Hynek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karel Hynek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-618X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078","https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035109551","display_name":"Dmitrii Vekshin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitrii Vekshin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and Avast Software s.r.o., Pikrtova 1737/1a, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and Avast Software s.r.o., Pikrtova 1737/1a, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052303277","display_name":"Jan Luxemburk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Luxemburk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078","https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062180857","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cejka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Cejka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of information Technology, CTU in Prague, Thakurova 9, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET z.s.p.o., Zikova 4 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078","https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026247639","display_name":"Armin Wasicek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2052-1343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146352","display_name":"Software602 (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03decxd42","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146352"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Wasicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avast Software s.r.o, Prague, Czech Republic","Avast Software s.r.o., Pikrtova 1737/1a, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2052-1343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avast Software s.r.o, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avast Software s.r.o., Pikrtova 1737/1a, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.7182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95428889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"54668","last_page":"54680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7069277763366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7001877427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5869127511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5813063383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5264701843261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.49780821800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-force","display_name":"Task force","score":0.4439135193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.38212546706199646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7069277763366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7001877427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5869127511978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5813063383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5264701843261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.49780821800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985871740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637368","display_name":"Task force","level":2,"score":0.4439135193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38212546706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175497","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99d9104c04074dbbad0bf45b32fce521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99d9104c04074dbbad0bf45b32fce521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 54668-54680 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175497","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3513126410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGS20/210/OHK3/3T/18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","funder_display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5611503438","display_name":"Flow-based Encrypted Traffic Analysis","funder_award_id":"VJ02010024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1nn565"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321005","display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","ror":"https://ror.org/037n8p820"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285160154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285160154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85558978","https://openalex.org/W1970499440","https://openalex.org/W1989598342","https://openalex.org/W1993114740","https://openalex.org/W2020372509","https://openalex.org/W2111663915","https://openalex.org/W2144578696","https://openalex.org/W2149701633","https://openalex.org/W2209711601","https://openalex.org/W2356385263","https://openalex.org/W2478810727","https://openalex.org/W2487301225","https://openalex.org/W2508892824","https://openalex.org/W2588538875","https://openalex.org/W2791085810","https://openalex.org/W2806616617","https://openalex.org/W2921783659","https://openalex.org/W2954006659","https://openalex.org/W2972544683","https://openalex.org/W2978599067","https://openalex.org/W2981067590","https://openalex.org/W2994419048","https://openalex.org/W3005130075","https://openalex.org/W3006539618","https://openalex.org/W3025921802","https://openalex.org/W3080354144","https://openalex.org/W3080730509","https://openalex.org/W3088542595","https://openalex.org/W3094641251","https://openalex.org/W3102902137","https://openalex.org/W3105087971","https://openalex.org/W3117038011","https://openalex.org/W3120774524","https://openalex.org/W3135514454","https://openalex.org/W3182711238","https://openalex.org/W3185618306","https://openalex.org/W3191680053","https://openalex.org/W3195751401","https://openalex.org/W3199534252","https://openalex.org/W3209214819","https://openalex.org/W3214128480","https://openalex.org/W4200586132","https://openalex.org/W4206248165","https://openalex.org/W4206898372","https://openalex.org/W4213362721","https://openalex.org/W4221077261","https://openalex.org/W4224922558","https://openalex.org/W4232208315","https://openalex.org/W4237792908","https://openalex.org/W4243774931","https://openalex.org/W4285184946","https://openalex.org/W4401670423","https://openalex.org/W6718044600","https://openalex.org/W6764929927","https://openalex.org/W6781224705","https://openalex.org/W6782940944","https://openalex.org/W6810813897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248133603","https://openalex.org/W2076211026","https://openalex.org/W4244153026","https://openalex.org/W4243266166","https://openalex.org/W2111163703","https://openalex.org/W4238059188","https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W42557718","https://openalex.org/W4235730327","https://openalex.org/W3173234801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"Engineering":[2],"Task":[3],"Force":[4],"adopted":[5],"the":[6,18,23,31,69,80],"DNS":[7,24,38,60,90],"over":[8,61,91],"HTTPS":[9,41,62,92],"protocol":[10],"in":[11,34,68,79],"2018":[12],"to":[13,27,93],"remediate":[14],"privacy":[15],"issues":[16],"regarding":[17],"plain":[19],"text":[20],"transmission":[21],"of":[22],"protocol.":[25],"According":[26],"our":[28],"observations":[29],"and":[30,52,55,63],"analysis":[32],"described":[33],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"protecting":[37],"queries":[39],"using":[40],"entails":[42],"security":[43,111],"threats.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"surveys":[47],"DoH":[48],"related":[49],"research":[50,103],"works":[51],"analyzes":[53],"malicious":[54],"unwanted":[56],"activities":[57],"that":[58,83,105],"leverage":[59],"can":[64],"be":[65],"currently":[66],"observed":[67,78],"wild.":[70],"Additionally,":[71],"we":[72,100,106],"describe":[73],"three":[74],"real-world":[75],"abuse":[76],"scenarios":[77],"web":[81],"environment":[82],"reveal":[84],"how":[85],"service":[86],"providers":[87],"intentionally":[88],"use":[89],"violate":[94],"policies.":[95],"Last":[96],"but":[97],"not":[98],"least,":[99],"identified":[101],"several":[102],"challenges":[104],"consider":[107],"important":[108],"for":[109],"future":[110],"research.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
