{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285145382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175299","title":"Modular Reinforcement Learning for Playing the Game of Tron","display_name":"Modular Reinforcement Learning for Playing the Game of Tron","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285145382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775163.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036747520","display_name":"Mingi Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-7880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingi Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 24341 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 24341 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686644","display_name":"Jay Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-7797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897156735","display_name":"Bank of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7h1x17","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897156735"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Investment Division, Hana Bank, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-7797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Investment Division, Hana Bank, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897156735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011019318","display_name":"Sang\u2010Ki Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-5104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Ki Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 24341 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-5104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, 24341 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51195323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"63394","last_page":"63402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8717917799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7427148818969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5874432325363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.47154927253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.45394399762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.42951279878616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3593180775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15047678351402283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8717917799949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7427148818969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5874432325363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47154927253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45394399762153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.42951279878616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3593180775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15047678351402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aab64324c01b452bbaf9986b0b97803a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aab64324c01b452bbaf9986b0b97803a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 63394-63402 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3175299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175299","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09775163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321248","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285145382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285145382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973966828","https://openalex.org/W2000879295","https://openalex.org/W2009303086","https://openalex.org/W2048751428","https://openalex.org/W2055336889","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2090335209","https://openalex.org/W2103582821","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2157803532","https://openalex.org/W2158240273","https://openalex.org/W2749928749","https://openalex.org/W2790380320","https://openalex.org/W2892258706","https://openalex.org/W2902907165","https://openalex.org/W2905567628","https://openalex.org/W2907432446","https://openalex.org/W2943927637","https://openalex.org/W2952332632","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2969937244","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2989847975","https://openalex.org/W2996059179","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W3036329728","https://openalex.org/W3103635569","https://openalex.org/W3118210634","https://openalex.org/W4283810007","https://openalex.org/W4288346654","https://openalex.org/W4297627396","https://openalex.org/W4297669644","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W6675317844","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6730038592","https://openalex.org/W6730742100","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6743802245","https://openalex.org/W6758192501","https://openalex.org/W6766837696","https://openalex.org/W6771274123","https://openalex.org/W6771755788","https://openalex.org/W6774580772","https://openalex.org/W6775686901","https://openalex.org/W6839272463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tron":[0,70,110],"is":[1,10,28,45,82,88],"a":[2,8,60],"simultaneous":[3],"move":[4,18],"two-player":[5],"game":[6,68,74,108],"where":[7,15,78],"wall":[9,26],"created":[11],"along":[12],"the":[13,20,25,32,35,49,67,73,79,85,92,103,107],"path":[14],"two":[16,76],"agents":[17],"and":[19,84],"agent":[21],"that":[22,34],"crash":[23],"with":[24,99],"first":[27,80],"defeated.":[29],"Due":[30],"to":[31,47,65],"fact":[33],"same":[36],"action":[37],"may":[38],"result":[39],"in":[40,113],"different":[41,114],"outcomes":[42],"(non-stationarity),":[43],"it":[44],"difficult":[46],"utilize":[48],"basic":[50],"approach":[51,64],"of":[52,69,94,109],"reinforcement":[53,62],"learning.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"present":[59],"modular":[61],"learning":[63],"tackling":[66],"by":[71,97],"decomposing":[72],"into":[75],"phases":[77],"phase":[81,87],"non-stationary":[83],"second":[86],"stationary.":[89],"We":[90],"evaluate":[91],"performance":[93],"our":[95],"algorithm":[96,105],"comparing":[98],"previous":[100],"algorithms":[101],"including":[102],"state-of-the-art":[104],"for":[106],"(called":[111],"a1k0n)":[112],"grid":[115],"sizes.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}