{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285204770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174350","title":"A Cancelable Biometric Security Framework Based on RNA Encryption and Genetic Algorithms","display_name":"A Cancelable Biometric Security Framework Based on RNA Encryption and Genetic Algorithms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285204770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174350","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09772661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09772661.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041551046","display_name":"Fatma A. Hossam Eldein Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatma A. Hossam Eldein Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006443274","display_name":"Walid El\u2010Shafai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid El-Shafai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109229874","display_name":"Hassan M. Elkamchouchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan M. A. Elkamchouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054990851","display_name":"Adel ELfahar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel ELfahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066586815","display_name":"Abdulaziz Alarifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Alarifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102708748","display_name":"Mohammed Amoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Amoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081530810","display_name":"Moustafa H. Aly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa H. Aly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt","Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080762590","display_name":"Fathi E. Abd El\u2010Samie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-9518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fathi E. Abd El-Samie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073215738","display_name":"Aman Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-327X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aman Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Polytechnic School, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Polytechnic School, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087877008","display_name":"Ahmed ElShafee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61869032","display_name":"Ahram Canadian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02t055680","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61869032"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elshafee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61869032"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041551046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74836647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"55933","last_page":"55957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.680728554725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6713072657585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6490328907966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3797539174556732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3002127707004547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.680728554725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6713072657585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6490328907966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3797539174556732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3002127707004547}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174350","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09772661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15cea8a9f2154a1b99ae916203a3dd71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15cea8a9f2154a1b99ae916203a3dd71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 55933-55957 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174350","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09772661.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855766620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Saudi Arabia.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G435567367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7457783354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545718068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7778115458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239988234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Riyadh","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285204770.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285204770.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974911306","https://openalex.org/W1990978919","https://openalex.org/W2037894298","https://openalex.org/W2044646987","https://openalex.org/W2080001063","https://openalex.org/W2146360671","https://openalex.org/W2149323482","https://openalex.org/W2515444538","https://openalex.org/W2606305503","https://openalex.org/W2792489559","https://openalex.org/W2797061780","https://openalex.org/W2800043412","https://openalex.org/W2801968944","https://openalex.org/W2811373165","https://openalex.org/W2863675779","https://openalex.org/W2885322408","https://openalex.org/W2885565076","https://openalex.org/W2891690254","https://openalex.org/W2899649135","https://openalex.org/W2901178628","https://openalex.org/W2905558153","https://openalex.org/W2921789223","https://openalex.org/W2963396738","https://openalex.org/W2990545408","https://openalex.org/W2991211060","https://openalex.org/W2996335605","https://openalex.org/W3004257937","https://openalex.org/W3005416112","https://openalex.org/W3013893037","https://openalex.org/W3018828315","https://openalex.org/W3020037975","https://openalex.org/W3035128681","https://openalex.org/W3036219156","https://openalex.org/W3080139615","https://openalex.org/W3081735966","https://openalex.org/W3104306102","https://openalex.org/W3107800236","https://openalex.org/W3110942379","https://openalex.org/W3131553181","https://openalex.org/W3135330171","https://openalex.org/W3144240226","https://openalex.org/W3164753704","https://openalex.org/W3169775763","https://openalex.org/W3202578221","https://openalex.org/W3204857908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cancelable":[0],"biometric":[1,34,84,110,120,136,205,226,246,259,378],"techniques":[2,64],"play":[3],"a":[4,82,159,383],"vital":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,178,310,336],"the":[8,18,53,58,98,114,119,123,139,144,149,179,203,215,223,231,237,244,250,254,300,329,333,351,386],"privacy":[9],"and":[10,24,50,52,94,97,171,234,287,290,294,319,374,397,409],"security":[11,85,251,297,384],"of":[12,57,118,122,138,158,253,280,299,307,332,338,363,377,400],"remote":[13],"surveillance":[14],"systems":[15],"to":[16,67,166,221,242,305],"keep":[17],"genuine":[19,372],"users\u2019":[20],"confidential":[21],"data":[22],"safe":[23],"away":[25],"from":[26,72,202,382],"intruders.":[27],"This":[28],"research":[29],"presents":[30],"an":[31,38,107],"efficient":[32],"cancelable":[33,245],"framework":[35,86,105,302,335,345,388],"by":[36,112,132,142,188],"exploiting":[37],"irreversible":[39],"hybrid":[40],"encryption":[41,101,198],"technique":[42,56,218],"that":[43,87,355,405],"incorporates":[44],"Deoxyribonucleic,":[45],"Ribonucleic":[46],"acid":[47],"sequences":[48,96],"(DNA":[49],"RNA),":[51],"evolutionary":[54,99],"optimization":[55,217],"Genetic":[59],"Algorithm":[60],"(GA).":[61],"So,":[62],"these":[63,183],"are":[65,153,164,176,186,240,261,264],"employed":[66],"create":[68],"completely":[69],"deformed":[70],"templates":[71],"their":[73,167,173],"original":[74,140,204],"ones.":[75],"Thus,":[76],"our":[77],"main":[78,115],"contribution":[79],"is":[80,129,200,219,303],"offering":[81],"novel":[83],"achieves":[88],"unique":[89],"randomness":[90],"characteristics":[91],"using":[92],"RNA":[93,194],"DNA":[95],"GA-based":[100,216,232],"scheme.":[102],"The":[103,126,196,296,325,343],"proposed":[104,127,255,301,334,344,387],"produces":[106],"entirely":[108],"unrecognized":[109],"template":[111],"ciphering":[113],"discriminative":[116],"features":[117,239],"traits":[121],"authorized":[124],"clients.":[125],"algorithm":[128],"first":[130],"initialized":[131,150],"creating":[133],"several":[134],"encrypted":[135,151,193],"images":[137,152],"users":[141],"employing":[143,230],"logistic":[145],"map":[146],"function.":[147],"Secondly,":[148],"transformed":[154],"into":[155],"one":[156],"vector":[157],"binary":[160],"array.":[161],"Then,":[162,214],"they":[163],"converted":[165],"corresponding":[168],"introns,":[169],"exons,":[170],"consequently,":[172],"relevant":[174,184],"codons":[175,185],"stored":[177],"cloud":[180],"database.":[181],"Thirdly,":[182],"replaced":[187],"new":[189],"ones":[190],"after":[191,207,229],"generating":[192],"lists.":[195],"utilized":[197],"key":[199],"extracted":[201],"image":[206],"utilizing":[208],"excessive":[209],"permutations":[210],"between":[211],"its":[212],"pixels.":[213],"applied":[220],"select":[222],"most":[224],"convenient":[225],"features.":[227,379],"Finally,":[228],"cross-over":[233],"mutation":[235],"operations,":[236],"chosen":[238],"used":[241],"generate":[243],"traits.":[247],"To":[248],"validate":[249],"efficacy":[252],"framework,":[256],"different":[257],"six":[258],"databases":[260],"used,":[262],"which":[263],"Olivetti":[265],"Research":[266],"Laboratory":[267],"(ORL)":[268],"Faces":[269,273],"(gray),":[270,277],"CASIA":[271,291],"v.5":[272],"(color),":[274],"UPOL":[275],"Iris":[276],"Indian":[278],"Institute":[279],"Technology":[281],"Delhi":[282],"(IIT":[283],"Delhi)":[284],"Ear":[285],"(color":[286,293],"gray),":[288],"Fingerprint,":[289],"Palmprint":[292],"gray).":[295],"performance":[298,331],"compared":[304],"those":[306],"recent":[308],"studies":[309],"this":[311],"field,":[312],"such":[313],"as":[314],"OSH":[315],"(Optical":[316],"Scanning":[317],"Holography)":[318],"DRPE":[320],"(Double":[321],"Random":[322],"Phase":[323],"Encoding).":[324],"simulation":[326],"results":[327],"prove":[328],"superior":[330],"terms":[337],"all":[339],"tested":[340],"evaluation":[341],"metrics.":[342],"provides":[346],"high":[347,368],"AROC":[348],"(Area":[349],"under":[350],"Receiver":[352],"Operating":[353],"Characteristic)":[354],"reaches":[356],"0.9990,":[357],"low":[358],"FAR":[359],"(False":[360],"Acceptance":[361],"Rate)":[362],"0.0015,":[364],"more":[365],"uniform":[366],"histograms,":[367],"correlation":[369],"values":[370,404],"for":[371],"users,":[373],"complete":[375],"hidden":[376],"In":[380],"addition,":[381],"perspective,":[385],"accomplishes":[389],"good":[390],"entropy,":[391],"UACI":[392],"(unified":[393],"average":[394],"changing":[395],"intensity),":[396],"NPCR":[398],"(number":[399],"pixels":[401],"change":[402],"rate)":[403],"reach":[406],"7.9960,":[407],"33.55%,":[408],"99.65%,":[410],"respectively.":[411]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
