{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285269836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174080","title":"Automatic Generation Control of a Future Multisource Power System Considering High Renewables Penetration and Electric Vehicles: Egyptian Power System in 2035","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control of a Future Multisource Power System Considering High Renewables Penetration and Electric Vehicles: Egyptian Power System in 2035","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285269836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174080","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09771440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09771440.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076382402","display_name":"Morsy Nour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96580804","display_name":"Universidad Pontificia Comillas","ror":"https://ror.org/017mdc710","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morsy Nour","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-5034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069015596","display_name":"Gaber Magdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-695X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaber Magdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt","Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-695X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089939047","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Pablo Chaves \u00c1vila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-1865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96580804","display_name":"Universidad Pontificia Comillas","ror":"https://ror.org/017mdc710","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Pablo Chaves-Avila","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-1865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013417902","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro S\u00e1nchez Miralles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96580804","display_name":"Universidad Pontificia Comillas","ror":"https://ror.org/017mdc710","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Sanchez-Miralles","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAI School of Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061791014","display_name":"Eduard Petlenkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-6280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Petlenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems, Centre for Intelligent Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","Centre for Intelligent Systems, Department of Computer Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-6280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Centre for Intelligent Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems, Department of Computer Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076382402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93590948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"51662","last_page":"51681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7094956040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6910228729248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6019354462623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.5962880849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.574847936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.513268232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.489496111869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.45811691880226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44565653800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.43234050273895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4275096654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.42259934544563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3251414895057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29423677921295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28580978512763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2841337323188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1837470531463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.14189109206199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1175902783870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08550131320953369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7094956040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6910228729248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6019354462623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5962880849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.574847936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.513268232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.489496111869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.45811691880226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44565653800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.43234050273895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4275096654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.42259934544563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3251414895057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29423677921295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28580978512763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2841337323188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1837470531463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.14189109206199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1175902783870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08550131320953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174080","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09771440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a71e7b846464907a97f3135cd9e6cc6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a71e7b846464907a97f3135cd9e6cc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 51662-51681 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3174080","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09771440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5168270418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRG658","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeja18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285269836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285269836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W969888287","https://openalex.org/W1973814103","https://openalex.org/W2019653922","https://openalex.org/W2055754653","https://openalex.org/W2119895759","https://openalex.org/W2167987271","https://openalex.org/W2228930005","https://openalex.org/W2313578468","https://openalex.org/W2530251560","https://openalex.org/W2543513124","https://openalex.org/W2553566779","https://openalex.org/W2576313361","https://openalex.org/W2579650993","https://openalex.org/W2758610386","https://openalex.org/W2781393784","https://openalex.org/W2783516810","https://openalex.org/W2793530731","https://openalex.org/W2794735166","https://openalex.org/W2797105518","https://openalex.org/W2911360255","https://openalex.org/W2915028416","https://openalex.org/W2916408988","https://openalex.org/W2916854160","https://openalex.org/W2946254483","https://openalex.org/W2955793635","https://openalex.org/W3000008976","https://openalex.org/W3036430770","https://openalex.org/W3084079520","https://openalex.org/W3090000279","https://openalex.org/W3097393153","https://openalex.org/W3104137078","https://openalex.org/W3113860658","https://openalex.org/W3122708293","https://openalex.org/W3123856106","https://openalex.org/W3132195435","https://openalex.org/W3132464008","https://openalex.org/W3154719286","https://openalex.org/W3159989664","https://openalex.org/W3173046319","https://openalex.org/W3181583579","https://openalex.org/W3185217516","https://openalex.org/W3196270049","https://openalex.org/W3202472137","https://openalex.org/W3214889159","https://openalex.org/W6797342329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135954305","https://openalex.org/W2104973077","https://openalex.org/W2331465608","https://openalex.org/W1973248937","https://openalex.org/W4200208654","https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W2907973261","https://openalex.org/W4312928176","https://openalex.org/W3088822319","https://openalex.org/W2965502382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Egypt":[0],"aims":[1],"to":[2],"diversify":[3],"electricity":[4],"generation":[5,58,93],"sources":[6,18],"and":[7,32,36,79,99,117,120,159,190,217,246],"targets":[8],"42%":[9],"of":[10,26,60,130,132,139,199,205,211,221,228],"its":[11,160,226],"power":[12,43,63,97,108,122,249],"capacity":[13],"through":[14,238],"different":[15,244],"renewable":[16],"energy":[17],"(RESs)":[19],"by":[20,243],"2035.":[21],"Such":[22],"an":[23],"increased":[24],"share":[25],"RESs":[27,77,84],"will":[28],"make":[29],"grid":[30],"operation":[31],"control":[33,59,157],"more":[34],"tedious":[35],"may":[37],"have":[38],"a":[39,71,147,171,185],"negative":[40],"impact":[41],"on":[42,111],"system":[44,250],"frequency":[45,137,156,203,236,240],"stability.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"this":[48,86,125,144],"paper":[49],"is":[50,170],"the":[51,56,128,136,140,177,196,206,209,218,222,232],"first":[52],"study":[53,126,145],"that":[54],"studies":[55],"automatic":[57],"future":[61,72,87],"multi-source":[62],"systems":[64],"(e.g.,":[65],"Egyptian":[66],"Power":[67],"System":[68],"(EPS)":[69],"in":[70,85,134,202,214,231,234],"2035":[73],"scenario)":[74],"considering":[75],"high":[76],"penetrations":[78],"electric":[80],"vehicles":[81],"(EVs).":[82],"The":[83,102,193],"scenario":[88],"include":[89],"photovoltaic":[90],"plants,":[91,94,98],"wind":[92],"concentrated":[95],"solar":[96],"hydropower":[100],"plants.":[101,123],"EPS":[103],"also":[104],"contains":[105],"other":[106],"traditional":[107],"plants":[109],"based":[110],"fossil":[112],"fuels":[113],"(i.e.,":[114],"coal,":[115],"oil,":[116],"natural":[118],"gas)":[119],"nuclear":[121],"Moreover,":[124],"investigates":[127],"effect":[129,198],"participation":[131,201],"EVs":[133],"enhancing":[135],"stability":[138,237],"future-scenario":[141,207],"EPS.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"proposes":[146],"fractional-order":[148],"proportional":[149],"integral":[150,191],"derivative":[151],"(FOPID)":[152],"controller":[153,179,224],"for":[154],"load":[155],"(LFC),":[158],"parameters":[161],"are":[162],"tuned":[163],"using":[164],"RUNge":[165],"Kutta":[166],"optimizer":[167,213],"(RUN),":[168],"which":[169],"new":[172],"optimization":[173],"algorithm.":[174],"To":[175],"assess":[176],"FOPID":[178,223],"performance,":[180],"it":[181],"was":[182],"compared":[183],"with":[184],"proportional-integral-derivative":[186],"controller,":[187,189],"proportional-integral":[188],"controller.":[192],"results":[194],"showed":[195],"positive":[197],"EVs\u2019":[200],"regulation":[204],"EPS,":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"RUN":[212],"LFC":[215],"application,":[216],"superior":[219],"performance":[220],"over":[225],"peers":[227],"controllers":[229],"used":[230],"literature":[233],"improving":[235],"reducing":[239],"deviations":[241],"caused":[242],"disturbances":[245],"under":[247],"various":[248],"conditions.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}