{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285276702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173259","title":"Toward the Development of Large-Scale Word Embedding for Low-Resourced Language","display_name":"Toward the Development of Large-Scale Word Embedding for Low-Resourced Language","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285276702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3173259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09770772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09770772.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087716150","display_name":"Shahzad Nazir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Nazir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083460237","display_name":"Muhammad Asif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-2527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-2527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103067960","display_name":"Shahbaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahbaz Ahmad Sahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-4521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103067960","display_name":"Shahbaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I505182","display_name":"National Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dak672","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahbaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I505182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091859381","display_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science/Software Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science/Software Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091451326","display_name":"Muhammad Haris Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-0093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haris Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-0093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89456185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"54091","last_page":"54097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7975500226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.7865698337554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2vec","score":0.7792415618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6969422101974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6530855894088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5975138545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.38425713777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3549274802207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14684191346168518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7975500226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.7865698337554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22673982","display_name":"Word2vec","level":3,"score":0.7792415618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6969422101974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6530855894088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5975138545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.38425713777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3549274802207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14684191346168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3173259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09770772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02e181df6a0946b985f6ca7e1e6ec432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02e181df6a0946b985f6ca7e1e6ec432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 54091-54097 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3173259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09770772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285276702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285276702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529005719","https://openalex.org/W1854884267","https://openalex.org/W1963500454","https://openalex.org/W1987680958","https://openalex.org/W2042262613","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2159637323","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2170682101","https://openalex.org/W2218641061","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2341733149","https://openalex.org/W2460720124","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2584934697","https://openalex.org/W2799137620","https://openalex.org/W2889544455","https://openalex.org/W2901597627","https://openalex.org/W2949241676","https://openalex.org/W2950721712","https://openalex.org/W2963096510","https://openalex.org/W2964922231","https://openalex.org/W2970474271","https://openalex.org/W2995265274","https://openalex.org/W3123905954","https://openalex.org/W3185369679","https://openalex.org/W4205550663","https://openalex.org/W4210528010","https://openalex.org/W6674387193","https://openalex.org/W6676984168","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6684165356","https://openalex.org/W6684738654","https://openalex.org/W6704551197","https://openalex.org/W6740841894","https://openalex.org/W6752184929","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6792254300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946409105","https://openalex.org/W2905749112","https://openalex.org/W3152932816","https://openalex.org/W2985392712","https://openalex.org/W4388996947","https://openalex.org/W3133567596","https://openalex.org/W2798009317","https://openalex.org/W3099354896","https://openalex.org/W4287599800","https://openalex.org/W2890749918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"embedding":[1,56,163],"is":[2],"possessed":[3],"by":[4],"Natural":[5],"language":[6,102],"processing":[7],"as":[8,41,64,129,158],"a":[9,121,194],"key":[10],"procedure":[11],"for":[12,54,81,149,200,204],"semantically":[13],"and":[14,60,70,137,179,184,202,212],"syntactically":[15],"manipulating":[16],"the":[17,25,37,86,89,92,100,159,168],"unlabeled":[18],"text":[19,44],"corpus.":[20],"While":[21],"this":[22,117],"process":[23],"represents":[24],"extracted":[26],"features":[27],"of":[28,126],"corpus":[29],"on":[30,88,110],"vector":[31,151,169],"space":[32],"that":[33,57],"enables":[34],"to":[35,171],"perform":[36,116],"NLP":[38],"tasks":[39],"such":[40,63,128],"summary":[42],"generation,":[43],"simplification,":[45],"next":[46],"sentence":[47],"prediction,":[48],"etc.":[49],"There":[50],"exist":[51],"some":[52],"approaches":[53,75],"word":[55,61,79,113,150],"consider":[58],"co-occurrence":[59],"frequency,":[62],"Matrix":[65],"Factorization,":[66],"skip-gram,":[67],"hierarchical-structure":[68],"regularizer,":[69],"noise":[71],"contrastive":[72],"estimation.":[73],"These":[74],"have":[76],"created":[77],"mature":[78],"vectors":[80],"most":[82],"spoken":[83],"languages":[84],"in":[85],"world,":[87,136],"other":[90],"hand,":[91],"research":[93],"community":[94],"turned":[95],"their":[96],"minor":[97],"attention":[98],"towards":[99],"Urdu":[101,112],"having":[103],"231.3":[104],"million":[105,146],"speakers.":[106],"This":[107,139],"paper":[108],"focuses":[109],"creating":[111,144],"embedding.":[114],"To":[115],"task,":[118],"we":[119,153],"used":[120],"dataset":[122,140],"covering":[123],"different":[124],"categories":[125],"News":[127],"Business,":[130],"Sports,":[131],"Health,":[132],"Politics,":[133],"Entertainment,":[134],"Science,":[135],"others.":[138],"was":[141,164],"tokenized":[142],"while":[143,166],"288":[145],"tokens.":[147],"Further,":[148],"formation":[152],"utilized":[154],"skip-gram":[155],"also":[156],"known":[157],"word2vec":[160],"model.":[161],"The":[162,190,206],"performed":[165],"limiting":[167],"dimensions":[170],"100,":[172],"200,":[173],"300,":[174],"400,":[175],"500,":[176],"128,":[177],"256,":[178],"512.":[180],"For":[181],"evaluation":[182],"Wordsim-353":[183],"Lexsim-999":[185],"annotated":[186],"datasets":[187],"were":[188,208,213],"utilized.":[189],"proposed":[191],"work":[192],"achieved":[193],"0.66":[195],"Spearman":[196],"correlation":[197],"coefficient":[198],"value":[199],"wordsim-353":[201],"0.439":[203],"Lexsim-999.":[205],"results":[207],"compared":[209],"with":[210],"state-of-the-art":[211],"observed":[214],"better.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
