{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285209454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172963","title":"General Aviation Aircraft Identification at Non-Towered Airports Using a Two-Step Computer Vision-Based Approach","display_name":"General Aviation Aircraft Identification at Non-Towered Airports Using a Two-Step Computer Vision-Based Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285209454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172963","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09770072.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09770072.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085970919","display_name":"Mohammad Farhadmanesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Farhadmanesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-0908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003504268","display_name":"Abbas Rashidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-0588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065006145","display_name":"Nikola Markovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0883-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Markovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0883-2701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.8125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97591767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"48778","last_page":"48791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7548907995223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6510543823242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.6207152009010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.573122501373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5696394443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5689388513565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5518159866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4844124913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43924108147621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-aviation","display_name":"General aviation","score":0.4283261299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3656526803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32403403520584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.15478917956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1309431791305542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7548907995223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6510543823242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.6207152009010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.573122501373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5696394443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5689388513565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5518159866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4844124913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43924108147621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986287813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571929","display_name":"General aviation","level":3,"score":0.4283261299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3656526803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32403403520584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.15478917956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1309431791305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172963","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09770072.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc9e38904e69481f8a7ca572ce6efd8a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc9e38904e69481f8a7ca572ce6efd8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 48778-48791 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172963","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09770072.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G812575663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UT20.605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315303","funder_display_name":"Utah Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8918032675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MPC-639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316994","funder_display_name":"Mountain-Plains Consortium"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315303","display_name":"Utah Department of Transportation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316994","display_name":"Mountain-Plains Consortium","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285209454.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285209454.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299425187","https://openalex.org/W1533218210","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1846799578","https://openalex.org/W1968564246","https://openalex.org/W1991466916","https://openalex.org/W2024451815","https://openalex.org/W2056873117","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2113776692","https://openalex.org/W2159326548","https://openalex.org/W2160367227","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2489166770","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2799352122","https://openalex.org/W2885043035","https://openalex.org/W2910365895","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921749595","https://openalex.org/W2941703563","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W3003180752","https://openalex.org/W3004846386","https://openalex.org/W3015385395","https://openalex.org/W3023939840","https://openalex.org/W3041031504","https://openalex.org/W3082852483","https://openalex.org/W3083694313","https://openalex.org/W3090960842","https://openalex.org/W3145308582","https://openalex.org/W3196545029","https://openalex.org/W4292982320","https://openalex.org/W6631845918","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6638677478","https://openalex.org/W6656473602","https://openalex.org/W6729791593","https://openalex.org/W6730169791","https://openalex.org/W6762718338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2244967993","https://openalex.org/W2247404559","https://openalex.org/W2478084848","https://openalex.org/W204548488","https://openalex.org/W769225716","https://openalex.org/W3030339745","https://openalex.org/W1583280211","https://openalex.org/W569578077","https://openalex.org/W4226215733","https://openalex.org/W2063108408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aircraft":[0],"identification":[1,89,135,157],"in":[2,41,64,73,102,126],"airport":[3,11],"operations":[4],"is":[5,48,119,137,171],"critical":[6],"to":[7,58,121,176],"various":[8],"applications,":[9],"including":[10],"planning":[12],"and":[13,18,66,76,96],"environmental":[14],"studies.":[15],"Previous":[16],"research":[17],"commercially":[19],"available":[20],"systems":[21],"heavily":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24,161],"recognizing":[25,98],"aircraft":[26,55,88,94,117],"tail":[27,45,68,100,186],"numbers":[28,69],"using":[29],"text":[30,142,177],"recognition.":[31],"However,":[32],"this":[33],"approach":[34],"alone":[35],"does":[36],"not":[37],"provide":[38],"accurate":[39],"results":[40,144],"situations":[42],"when":[43,159],"the":[44,93,99,109,123,127,131,134,141,146,184],"number":[46,101,187],"visibility":[47],"reduced":[49],"or":[50],"obstructed.":[51],"Furthermore,":[52],"general":[53,167],"aviation":[54,168],"are":[56,62],"harder":[57],"identify":[59],"because":[60],"they":[61],"small":[63],"size,":[65],"their":[67],"include":[70],"substantial":[71],"variations":[72],"fonts,":[74],"sizes,":[75],"orientations.":[77],"To":[78],"tackle":[79],"these":[80],"issues,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"a":[84,103,112,172],"two-step":[85],"computer":[86],"vision-based":[87],"method,":[90],"first":[91,110],"identifying":[92],"type":[95],"then":[97],"probabilistic":[104,148],"multi-frame-based":[105],"(MFB)":[106],"framework.":[107,150],"In":[108,130],"step,":[111,133],"convolutional":[113],"neural":[114],"network":[115],"(CNN)-based":[116],"classifier":[118],"customized":[120],"decrease":[122],"search":[124],"space":[125],"registration":[128],"database.":[129],"second":[132],"process":[136],"finalized":[138],"by":[139],"integrating":[140],"recognition":[143,178],"into":[145],"designed":[147],"MFB":[149],"The":[151],"proposed":[152],"method":[153],"achieves":[154],"approximately":[155],"90%":[156],"accuracy":[158],"tested":[160],"video":[162],"data":[163],"collected":[164],"from":[165],"three":[166],"airports.":[169],"This":[170],"significant":[173],"improvement":[174],"compared":[175],"alone,":[179],"which":[180],"recognizes":[181],"67%":[182],"of":[183],"individual":[185],"characters.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
