{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285263790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172284","title":"The Impact of Variable Renewable Energy Integration on Total System Costs and Electricity Generation Revenue","display_name":"The Impact of Variable Renewable Energy Integration on Total System Costs and Electricity Generation Revenue","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285263790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09766330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09766330.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038919128","display_name":"Veeraya Imcharoenkul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veeraya Imcharoenkul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043748658","display_name":"Surachai Chaitusaney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surachai Chaitusaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-3342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81389524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"50167","last_page":"50182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-renewable-energy","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","score":0.6895322799682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6263583302497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.58931964635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.575446367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.5451275110244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5357441306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4991602897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-system","display_name":"Electricity system","score":0.4467584788799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stand-alone-power-system","display_name":"Stand-alone power system","score":0.4465816915035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-retailing","display_name":"Electricity retailing","score":0.43489015102386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36385834217071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.3301893472671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.31117191910743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.29607000946998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.29460465908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22085043787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.20116248726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19480183720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10798647999763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10692599415779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10022994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08915764093399048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","level":4,"score":0.6895322799682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6263583302497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.58931964635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.575446367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.5451275110244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5357441306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4991602897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992120494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electricity system","level":4,"score":0.4467584788799286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104708988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664450","display_name":"Stand-alone power system","level":4,"score":0.4465816915035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57101690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356921","display_name":"Electricity retailing","level":4,"score":0.43489015102386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36385834217071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3301893472671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.31117191910743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29607000946998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.29460465908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22085043787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.20116248726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19480183720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10798647999763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10692599415779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10022994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08915764093399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09766330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1f1a8c35cb74f13ace1eb8739b633ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1f1a8c35cb74f13ace1eb8739b633ec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 50167-50182 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09766330.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321557","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323745","display_name":"Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand","ror":"https://ror.org/03spd6n49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285263790.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285263790.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1741245973","https://openalex.org/W1966990634","https://openalex.org/W2011659611","https://openalex.org/W2015725305","https://openalex.org/W2018079420","https://openalex.org/W2020608284","https://openalex.org/W2038970164","https://openalex.org/W2050355269","https://openalex.org/W2060601260","https://openalex.org/W2068143870","https://openalex.org/W2073345316","https://openalex.org/W2073635244","https://openalex.org/W2081922662","https://openalex.org/W2095638089","https://openalex.org/W2138380733","https://openalex.org/W2275409384","https://openalex.org/W2328706568","https://openalex.org/W2554141034","https://openalex.org/W2606279380","https://openalex.org/W2610790903","https://openalex.org/W2617318058","https://openalex.org/W2748511709","https://openalex.org/W2759575002","https://openalex.org/W2772012681","https://openalex.org/W2780141061","https://openalex.org/W2800985362","https://openalex.org/W2802193553","https://openalex.org/W2940567428","https://openalex.org/W2980237116","https://openalex.org/W2994816520","https://openalex.org/W2998999065","https://openalex.org/W3000632091","https://openalex.org/W3022347713","https://openalex.org/W3033581805","https://openalex.org/W3038036462","https://openalex.org/W3124350249","https://openalex.org/W3131884169","https://openalex.org/W3173416094","https://openalex.org/W3179085432","https://openalex.org/W3191957043","https://openalex.org/W3198097695","https://openalex.org/W3204306846","https://openalex.org/W3215635799","https://openalex.org/W3217314272","https://openalex.org/W6736448585","https://openalex.org/W6754658316","https://openalex.org/W6761595132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313542464","https://openalex.org/W4379381314","https://openalex.org/W2071804319","https://openalex.org/W2185540736","https://openalex.org/W2434494194","https://openalex.org/W3200286833","https://openalex.org/W4221073473","https://openalex.org/W4366139804","https://openalex.org/W2360184654","https://openalex.org/W1582896335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variable":[0],"renewable":[1],"energy":[2,143,146],"(VRE)":[3],"integration":[4,28,39,42,66],"creates":[5],"additional":[6],"costs,":[7],"called":[8],"\u201cintegration":[9],"costs.\u201d":[10],"These":[11],"costs":[12,23,43,70,103,127],"have":[13],"grown":[14,193],"with":[15,194],"VRE":[16,65,108,114,151,188,195],"penetration,":[17,115],"potentially":[18],"increasing":[19],"the":[20,62,81,84,100,116,137,145,185],"total":[21,68,101,125],"system":[22,69,102,126,176],"delivered":[24],"to":[25,49,60,144,181,197],"customers":[26],"(direct":[27],"costs)":[29],"and":[30,71,88,93,120,159,172,178,183,201],"decreasing":[31],"electricity":[32,72,167],"generation":[33,73,86,90,122,168],"revenue,":[34],"discouraging":[35],"generators\u2019":[36],"investment":[37],"(indirect":[38],"costs).":[40],"Thus,":[41],"can":[44],"be":[45],"an":[46],"economic":[47],"barrier":[48],"integrate":[50],"high":[51],"shares":[52],"of":[53,64,80,118,139,187],"VRE.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"a":[58,78],"method":[59,76],"determine":[61],"impact":[63],"on":[67,131,165,190],"revenue.":[74],"The":[75,96],"is":[77,148],"combination":[79,117],"unit-commitment":[82],"model,":[83],"optimal":[85,89],"mix":[87],"schedule":[91],"analysis,":[92],"merit-order":[94],"simulations.":[95],"results":[97],"show":[98],"that":[99],"are":[104],"minimal":[105,124],"at":[106],"70%":[107],"penetration.":[109,152],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"after":[112],"20%":[113],"solar":[119,134,173],"wind":[121,132,160],"provided":[123],"rather":[128],"than":[129,170],"relying":[130],"or":[133],"individually.":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"profitability":[138],"generators":[140,161],"from":[141],"supplying":[142],"market":[147],"declined":[149],"by":[150],"Combined":[153],"cycle":[154],"gas":[155],"turbines":[156],"(CCGT),":[157],"hydro,":[158],"face":[162],"higher":[163],"impacts":[164,189],"their":[166],"revenue":[169],"coal":[171],"generators.":[174],"Electricity":[175],"planners":[177],"policymakers":[179],"need":[180],"consider":[182],"prioritize":[184],"severity":[186],"each":[191],"technology":[192],"penetration":[196],"enact":[198],"consistent":[199],"plans":[200],"policies.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}