{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226027584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169707","title":"Smart Energy Management in Virtual Power Plant Paradigm With a New Improved Multilevel Optimization Based Approach","display_name":"Smart Energy Management in Virtual Power Plant Paradigm With a New Improved Multilevel Optimization Based Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226027584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169707","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761880.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019950342","display_name":"Jannat Ul Ain Binte Wasif Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannat Ul Ain Binte Wasif Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000616894","display_name":"Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025751046","display_name":"Abdullah Altamimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-7872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Altamimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-7872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070565682","display_name":"Zafar A. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22128151","display_name":"University of Derby","ror":"https://ror.org/02yhrrk59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["GB","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zafar A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan","Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-6865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006295865","display_name":"Omar Alrumayh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alrumayh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112729519","display_name":"M. Mahad Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mahad Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87148393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"50062","last_page":"50077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.8623831272125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.674922525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6108781099319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5728588104248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5511780977249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.47651612758636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4463726282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4318109154701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4266817569732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.41577354073524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.36733478307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2550402283668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.250781774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20843937993049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13345950841903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11492842435836792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.8623831272125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.674922525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6108781099319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5728588104248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5511780977249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.47651612758636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4463726282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4318109154701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4266817569732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41577354073524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.36733478307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2550402283668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.250781774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20843937993049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13345950841903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11492842435836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169707","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:471c2af9ede64db19b79003528b683f3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/471c2af9ede64db19b79003528b683f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 50062-50077 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169707","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226027584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226027584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997014544","https://openalex.org/W2060148334","https://openalex.org/W2088335540","https://openalex.org/W2106030832","https://openalex.org/W2281962098","https://openalex.org/W2343206381","https://openalex.org/W2511437241","https://openalex.org/W2568478188","https://openalex.org/W2605011105","https://openalex.org/W2612694769","https://openalex.org/W2731012139","https://openalex.org/W2782092820","https://openalex.org/W2788087305","https://openalex.org/W2793390887","https://openalex.org/W2801639032","https://openalex.org/W2883849003","https://openalex.org/W2898321196","https://openalex.org/W2903043946","https://openalex.org/W2908454683","https://openalex.org/W2911667489","https://openalex.org/W2912086963","https://openalex.org/W2914967911","https://openalex.org/W2951874368","https://openalex.org/W2958786599","https://openalex.org/W2980734394","https://openalex.org/W2981587133","https://openalex.org/W2982499038","https://openalex.org/W2987555202","https://openalex.org/W3010279329","https://openalex.org/W3025729908","https://openalex.org/W3042370841","https://openalex.org/W3047644414","https://openalex.org/W3048182765","https://openalex.org/W3109727664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W3125701662","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W148990555","https://openalex.org/W2466565939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,208],"virtual":[1],"power":[2,10,27,35,103],"plant":[3,11],"(VPP)":[4],"is":[5,48,57,139,152,211,229,258],"a":[6,55,58,78,86,89,98,137,155,273],"cloud":[7],"based":[8],"distributed":[9,18],"that":[12,231,256],"aggregates":[13],"the":[14,23,37,63,143,187,214,219,259],"capacities":[15],"of":[16,25,54,66,97,129,132,136,189,204,272],"diverse":[17,67],"energy":[19,49,52,68,82,108,122,150,196,270],"resources":[20,69],"(DERs)":[21],"for":[22,85,267],"purpose":[24],"enhancing":[26],"generation":[28],"as":[29,31,125],"well":[30],"trading":[32],"or":[33],"selling":[34],"on":[36,46,154,185,232],"electricity":[38],"market.":[39],"The":[40,94,115,181],"main":[41],"issue":[42],"faced":[43],"while":[44],"working":[45],"VPPs":[47],"management.":[50],"Smart":[51],"management":[53,83,151,271],"VPP":[56,87,95,138],"complex":[59],"problem":[60],"due":[61],"to":[62,119],"coordinated":[64],"operation":[65,135],"and":[70,101,111,174,202,248,263],"their":[71],"associated":[72],"uncertainties.":[73],"This":[74,253],"research":[75],"paper":[76,254],"proposes":[77],"real-time":[79,193,221],"(RT)":[80],"smart":[81,149,269],"model":[84],"using":[88,159],"multi-objective,":[90],"multi-level":[91,117],"optimization-based":[92],"approach.":[93],"consists":[96],"solar,":[99],"wind":[100],"thermal":[102],"unit,":[104],"along":[105],"with":[106,225],"an":[107],"storage":[109],"unit":[110],"some":[112],"flexible":[113],"demands.":[114],"term":[116],"refers":[118],"three":[120,126,160,215],"different":[121,130],"levels":[123],"depicted":[124],"homes":[127],"comprising":[128],"amounts":[131],"loads.":[133],"RT":[134,148,268],"enabled":[140],"by":[141],"exploiting":[142],"bidirectional":[144],"communication":[145],"infrastructure.":[146],"Multi-objective":[147],"implemented":[153],"community-based":[156],"dwelling":[157],"system":[158],"alternative":[161],"algorithms":[162,216],"i.e.,":[163],"hybrid":[164,169],"optimal":[165,190],"stopping":[166],"rule":[167],"(H-OSR),":[168],"particle":[170],"swarm":[171],"optimization":[172,179,265],"(H-PSO)":[173],"advanced":[175],"multi-objective":[176],"grey":[177],"wolf":[178],"(AMO-GWO).":[180],"proposed":[182],"technique":[183],"focuses":[184],"achieving":[186],"objectives":[188],"load":[191],"scheduling,":[192],"pricing,":[194],"efficient":[195,264],"consumption,":[197],"emission":[198],"reduction,":[199],"cost":[200],"minimization":[201],"maximization":[203],"customer":[205],"comfort":[206],"altogether.":[207],"comparative":[209],"analysis":[210],"performed":[212],"among":[213],"in":[217],"which":[218],"calculated":[220],"prices":[222],"are":[223],"compared":[224],"each":[226],"other.":[227],"It":[228],"observed":[230],"average":[233],"H-PSO":[234],"performs":[235,243],"7.86":[236],"%":[237],"better":[238,245,250],"than":[239,246,251],"H-OSR":[240,247],"whereas":[241],"AMO-GWO":[242,257],"10.49%":[244],"5.7%":[249],"H-P-SO.":[252],"concludes":[255],"briskest,":[260],"most":[261],"economical,":[262],"algorithm":[266],"VPP.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
