{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225927911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169159","title":"Improved Residual Network for Automatic Classification Grading of Lettuce Freshness","display_name":"Improved Residual Network for Automatic Classification Grading of Lettuce Freshness","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225927911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169159","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761212.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761212.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045939935","display_name":"Yanlei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanlei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002750985","display_name":"Yuting Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-9924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075266545","display_name":"Qingyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-7940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066282425","display_name":"Shuolin Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuolin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053207994","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-6556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045939935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87862488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"44315","last_page":"44325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7531536817550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7384361028671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.7176998257637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7131388783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6184017658233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6098402738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44933342933654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.412834107875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14563775062561035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7531536817550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7384361028671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.7176998257637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7131388783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6184017658233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6098402738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44933342933654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.412834107875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14563775062561035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169159","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761212.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28de633897984259bdd5d34225bb4086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28de633897984259bdd5d34225bb4086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 44315-44325 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3169159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3169159","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09761212.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2103992756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31801753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3374802128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20200801014GH","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327282","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G833479376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JJKH20200336KJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05782e512"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327282","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225927911.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225927911.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1997296163","https://openalex.org/W2041129691","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2161263923","https://openalex.org/W2187413234","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2744363888","https://openalex.org/W2777699623","https://openalex.org/W2782436336","https://openalex.org/W2940447366","https://openalex.org/W2979462822","https://openalex.org/W2984941979","https://openalex.org/W2997952217","https://openalex.org/W3017079270","https://openalex.org/W3034811322","https://openalex.org/W3096532067","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3127787063","https://openalex.org/W3187289500","https://openalex.org/W3191867072","https://openalex.org/W3209368595","https://openalex.org/W3215512454","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4252227190","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196952692","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W2984708981","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2755231872","https://openalex.org/W4300939921","https://openalex.org/W2990636717","https://openalex.org/W4383097772","https://openalex.org/W3213976941","https://openalex.org/W2951211570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"solve":[1],"the":[2,5,42,51,62,77,91,112,116,134,142,153,161,165,174,186],"problem":[3],"of":[4,8,46,64,148,160,164,188],"low":[6],"efficiency":[7],"traditional":[9,154],"lettuce":[10,21,47,65,149],"freshness":[11,22,43,63,150,187],"classification":[12,23,44,52],"methods":[13],"and":[14,102,127,145,176,183],"sample":[15],"damage,":[16],"we":[17,54,68],"proposed":[18,69,135,166],"an":[19,36,56],"automatic":[20],"method":[24,72,93],"based":[25],"on":[26],"improved":[27],"deep":[28,155],"residuals":[29],"convolutional":[30,96],"neural":[31],"network":[32,118,122,136],"(Im-ResNet).":[33],"We":[34,109],"built":[35],"image":[37,57],"acquisition":[38,58],"system":[39,59],"to":[40,170],"obtain":[41],"dataset":[45],"leaves.":[48,66],"For":[49],"improving":[50],"accuracy,":[53],"developed":[55],"for":[60],"curating":[61],"Then,":[67],"a":[70,103],"novel":[71],"that":[73,133],"was":[74],"derived":[75],"from":[76,173],"existing":[78],"ResNet-50":[79],"(which":[80],"uses":[81],"ReLU":[82,105],"activation":[83,107],"function)":[84],"known":[85],"as":[86],"Improved":[87],"Residual":[88],"Networks":[89],"(Im-ResNet):":[90],"new":[92],"factored":[94],"extra":[95],"layer,":[97,99],"pooling":[98],"fully-connected":[100],"layers,":[101],"random":[104],"(RReLU)":[106],"function.":[108],"also":[110],"performed":[111],"corresponding":[113],"experiments":[114],"using":[115],"Im-ResNet":[117],"compared":[119,151],"with":[120,152],"four":[121],"architectures":[123],"(AlexNet,":[124],"GoogleNet,":[125],"VGG16":[126],"ResNet50).":[128],"The":[129,157],"experimental":[130],"results":[131],"showed":[132],"had":[137],"more":[138],"significant":[139],"advantages":[140],"in":[141],"recognition":[143,158],"accuracy":[144,159],"loss":[146],"value":[147],"networks.":[156],"validation":[162],"set":[163],"model":[167],"can":[168,181],"reach":[169],"95.60%.":[171],"Different":[172],"physical":[175],"chemical":[177],"methods,":[178],"our":[179],"scheme":[180],"automatically":[182],"non-destructively":[184],"classify":[185],"lettuce.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}