{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225937854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165077","title":"DeepAIA: An Automatic Image Annotation Model Based on Generative Adversarial Networks and Transfer Learning","display_name":"DeepAIA: An Automatic Image Annotation Model Based on Generative Adversarial Networks and Transfer Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225937854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3165077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165077","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09749241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09749241.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055360575","display_name":"Abeer Alshehri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abeer Alshehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-2932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043896356","display_name":"Mounira Taileb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounira Taileb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-7801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089102991","display_name":"Reem Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-0046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055360575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76617706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"38437","last_page":"38445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8638463020324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8482484817504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7323012351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7128708958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.680383563041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6518383026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6374079585075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.629960298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.6090642213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5235216617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.512775719165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5061172842979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4952618181705475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.487471342086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4492286443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4212470054626465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8638463020324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8482484817504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7323012351989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7128708958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.680383563041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6518383026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6374079585075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.629960298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.6090642213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5235216617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.512775719165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5061172842979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4952618181705475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.487471342086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4492286443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4212470054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3165077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165077","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09749241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:560c8f53d240431dad068596610e9e9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/560c8f53d240431dad068596610e9e9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 38437-38445 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3165077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165077","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09749241.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231806947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP-223-43","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225937854.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225937854.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167790647","https://openalex.org/W798330916","https://openalex.org/W1510201436","https://openalex.org/W1573298498","https://openalex.org/W1877469910","https://openalex.org/W1965175171","https://openalex.org/W1990843604","https://openalex.org/W2001903799","https://openalex.org/W2025051526","https://openalex.org/W2048797745","https://openalex.org/W2059213434","https://openalex.org/W2074327556","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2102969168","https://openalex.org/W2141282920","https://openalex.org/W2141672845","https://openalex.org/W2156336347","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2172231696","https://openalex.org/W2205224283","https://openalex.org/W2395681725","https://openalex.org/W2514087538","https://openalex.org/W2514173981","https://openalex.org/W2536305071","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2618544249","https://openalex.org/W2738881192","https://openalex.org/W2743320454","https://openalex.org/W2755577605","https://openalex.org/W2765301947","https://openalex.org/W2794022343","https://openalex.org/W2802644759","https://openalex.org/W2805707465","https://openalex.org/W2895642264","https://openalex.org/W2902681161","https://openalex.org/W2911952840","https://openalex.org/W2913150433","https://openalex.org/W2962838801","https://openalex.org/W2963162313","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W3003074332","https://openalex.org/W3023286399","https://openalex.org/W3024801014","https://openalex.org/W3035445508","https://openalex.org/W3043640521","https://openalex.org/W3088750566","https://openalex.org/W6603089829","https://openalex.org/W6622758163","https://openalex.org/W6684100978","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6685866886","https://openalex.org/W6685942208","https://openalex.org/W6697087043","https://openalex.org/W6697363670","https://openalex.org/W6711845271","https://openalex.org/W6729482032","https://openalex.org/W6768081126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W3217069185","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2384288472","https://openalex.org/W1539573266","https://openalex.org/W2093596879","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W4308928038","https://openalex.org/W2201969175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"image":[1,12,24,99,102,122],"annotation":[2,52,100],"(AIA)":[3],"has":[4,94,111],"been":[5,112],"adopted":[6],"in":[7,20,98,168],"different":[8],"applications":[9],"such":[10,49],"as":[11,50,127],"retrieval":[13],"and":[14,26,34,70,101,140,173,179],"classification.":[15,159],"Deep":[16],"Learning":[17],"is":[18,138,146,150],"used":[19,152],"AIA":[21,38,58],"to":[22,84,153],"extract":[23],"features":[25,30],"then":[27],"convert":[28],"these":[29],"into":[31],"text":[32],"descriptions":[33],"labels.":[35],"However,":[36],"conventional":[37],"models":[39,167],"that":[40],"employ":[41],"deep":[42],"learning":[43,149],"methods":[44],"suffer":[45],"from":[46],"various":[47],"shortcomings,":[48],"poor":[51],"performance.":[53],"This":[54],"work":[55],"proposes":[56],"an":[57,107,121],"model":[59,162],"based":[60],"on":[61],"convolutional":[62],"neural":[63],"networks":[64,68],"(CNNs),":[65],"generative":[66],"adversarial":[67],"(GANs),":[69],"transfer":[71],"learning.":[72],"GANs":[73],"have":[74],"attracted":[75],"a":[76,128],"lot":[77],"of":[78,81,120,134,143,157,170],"interest":[79],"because":[80],"its":[82,96],"ability":[83],"generate":[85],"data":[86],"without":[87],"explicitly":[88],"using":[89,176],"probability":[90],"density.":[91],"Thus,":[92],"it":[93,126],"proven":[95],"usefulness":[97],"augmentation.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105],"work,":[106],"Auxiliary":[108],"classifier-GAN":[109],"(ACGAN)":[110],"used,":[113],"where":[114],"the":[115,118,132,135,141,155,158,164],"discriminator":[116],"predicts":[117],"class":[119],"rather":[123],"than":[124],"taking":[125],"given":[129],"input;":[130],"therefore,":[131],"stabilization":[133],"training":[136],"stage":[137],"ensured,":[139],"generation":[142],"high-quality":[144],"images":[145],"provided.":[147],"Transfer":[148],"also":[151],"enhance":[154],"performance":[156],"The":[160],"proposed":[161],"outperforms":[163],"best":[165],"state-of-the-art":[166],"terms":[169],"MiAP,":[171],"F-measure":[172],"error":[174],"rate":[175],"ImageClef,":[177],"ESPGame":[178],"IAPR-TC12":[180],"datasets.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
