{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226093670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163523","title":"Toward Accountable and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Part Two: The Framework Implementation","display_name":"Toward Accountable and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Part Two: The Framework Implementation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226093670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3163523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163523","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09745076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09745076.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027726376","display_name":"Jordan Vice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-1188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Vice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-1188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023632529","display_name":"Masood Mehmood Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masood Mehmood Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-2380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1102,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81071159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"36091","last_page":"36105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8051559925079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5305866003036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5197298526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5139162540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-general-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","score":0.503649890422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.49490588903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.47687608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46916279196739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.44996801018714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.38725531101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10468778014183044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8051559925079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5305866003036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5197298526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5139162540435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.503649890422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49490588903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47687608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46916279196739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.44996801018714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38725531101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10468778014183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3163523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163523","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09745076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18e136b866f649a9a1ff4d84608b267b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18e136b866f649a9a1ff4d84608b267b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 36091-36105 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/88248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3163523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3163523","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09745076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320987","display_name":"Curtin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226093670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226093670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280491298","https://openalex.org/W1497203923","https://openalex.org/W1529465401","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1595126664","https://openalex.org/W1602304209","https://openalex.org/W1946086219","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1972190442","https://openalex.org/W1985867508","https://openalex.org/W2003653478","https://openalex.org/W2066064791","https://openalex.org/W2069489753","https://openalex.org/W2080019998","https://openalex.org/W2080576537","https://openalex.org/W2081431990","https://openalex.org/W2103833426","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2113848838","https://openalex.org/W2123130867","https://openalex.org/W2129212117","https://openalex.org/W2139046924","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2291416247","https://openalex.org/W2314395941","https://openalex.org/W2328363150","https://openalex.org/W2337287328","https://openalex.org/W2524108366","https://openalex.org/W2525285070","https://openalex.org/W2540496966","https://openalex.org/W2598207902","https://openalex.org/W2611048439","https://openalex.org/W2734775939","https://openalex.org/W2785184350","https://openalex.org/W2786455451","https://openalex.org/W2798357113","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2889638154","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2954503794","https://openalex.org/W2955763994","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2999765337","https://openalex.org/W3007283493","https://openalex.org/W3009350896","https://openalex.org/W3009439559","https://openalex.org/W3034751874","https://openalex.org/W3043083589","https://openalex.org/W3046046004","https://openalex.org/W3081090156","https://openalex.org/W3086321517","https://openalex.org/W3104847483","https://openalex.org/W3139019272","https://openalex.org/W3165101951","https://openalex.org/W3176245080","https://openalex.org/W3196912284","https://openalex.org/W3207376445","https://openalex.org/W4292994367","https://openalex.org/W6606947865","https://openalex.org/W6635087628","https://openalex.org/W6764822237","https://openalex.org/W6796302697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505786821","https://openalex.org/W2898732673","https://openalex.org/W2410053581","https://openalex.org/W2383658677","https://openalex.org/W3123203398","https://openalex.org/W3195346651","https://openalex.org/W3175335341","https://openalex.org/W1979893945","https://openalex.org/W1972473893","https://openalex.org/W2158025152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"builds":[2],"upon":[3],"the":[4,8,27,31,48,63,110,136,148,199],"theoretical":[5],"foundations":[6],"of":[7,20,26,39,62,86,118,183,204],"Accountable":[9],"eXplainable":[10],"Artificial":[11],"Intelligence":[12],"(AXAI)":[13],"capability":[14,29,65,201],"framework":[15],"presented":[16],"in":[17,30,55,66,101,125,211],"part":[18],"one":[19],"this":[21,166,191],"paper.":[22],"We":[23,43,71,189],"demonstrate":[24],"incorporation":[25,61],"AXAI":[28,64,200],"real":[32],"time":[33],"Affective":[34],"State":[35],"Assessment":[36],"Module":[37],"(ASAM)":[38],"a":[40,75,142,181,186,205],"robotic":[41],"system.":[42],"show":[44,73,108],"that":[45,74,109],"adhering":[46],"to":[47,171],"eXtreme":[49],"Programming":[50],"(XP)":[51],"practices":[52],"would":[53,83,97],"help":[54],"understanding":[56],"user":[57,99,144],"behavior":[58],"and":[59,79,90,103,115,135,155,163,179,202],"systematic":[60],"Machine":[67],"Learning":[68],"(ML)":[69],"systems.":[70,105,213],"further":[72,195],"collaborative":[76],"software":[77],"design":[78],"development":[80],"process":[81],"(SDDP)":[82],"facilitate":[84],"identification":[85],"ethical,":[87],"technical,":[88],"functional,":[89],"domain-specific":[91],"system":[92,153,187],"requirements.":[93],"Meeting":[94],"these":[95],"requirements":[96],"increase":[98],"confidence":[100],"ML":[102],"AI":[104,175,212],"Our":[106],"results":[107],"ASAM":[111,128],"can":[112],"synthesize":[113],"discrete":[114],"continuous":[116],"models":[117],"affective":[119],"state":[120],"expressions":[121],"for":[122,208],"classifying":[123],"them":[124,210],"real-time.":[126],"The":[127],"continuously":[129],"shares":[130],"important":[131],"inputs,":[132],"processed":[133],"data":[134,161],"output":[137],"information":[138,157],"with":[139],"users":[140],"via":[141],"graphical":[143],"interface":[145],"(GUI).":[146],"Thus,":[147],"GUI":[149],"presents":[150],"reasons":[151],"behind":[152],"decisions":[154],"disseminates":[156],"about":[158],"local":[159],"reasoning,":[160],"handling":[162],"decision-making.":[164],"Through":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"work,":[168],"we":[169],"expect":[170],"move":[172],"toward":[173],"enhancing":[174],"systems\u2019":[176],"acceptability,":[177],"utility":[178],"establishing":[180],"chain":[182],"responsibility":[184],"if":[185],"fails.":[188],"hope":[190],"work":[192],"will":[193],"initiate":[194],"investigations":[196],"on":[197],"developing":[198],"use":[203],"suitable":[206],"SDDP":[207],"incorporating":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
