{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221038774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3162424","title":"Temperature Prediction for Reheating Furnace by Gated Recurrent Unit Approach","display_name":"Temperature Prediction for Reheating Furnace by Gated Recurrent Unit Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221038774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3162424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3162424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3162424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09741779.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09741779.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039965085","display_name":"Chien-Jung Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Jung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023756898","display_name":"Fu-I Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-I Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054686089","display_name":"Jyh\u2010Horng Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121532","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","ror":"https://ror.org/024w0ge69","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121532","https://openalex.org/I4405257903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Horng Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029","https://openalex.org/I4210121532"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039965085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.1529,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95165109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"33362","last_page":"33369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7373249530792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.6946877241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","score":0.6538569927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.5696845650672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.511029839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.5021884441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.49013909697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.4896119236946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.4889737367630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.484527051448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43347108364105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42930975556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31382524967193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21914735436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.18117943406105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1737588346004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13440579175949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10917329788208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10693898797035217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7373249530792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.6946877241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113957","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","level":2,"score":0.6538569927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.5696845650672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.511029839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.5021884441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.49013909697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.4896119236946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.4889737367630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.484527051448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43347108364105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42930975556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31382524967193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21914735436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.18117943406105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1737588346004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13440579175949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10917329788208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10693898797035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3162424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3162424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09741779.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9be82c910d60472d9904c32dc6061980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9be82c910d60472d9904c32dc6061980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 33362-33369 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3162424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3162424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09741779.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2205640134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365722850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3862518167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8530738807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2222-E-992-003-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8913594267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2221-E-035-092-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310118","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319304","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03858r716"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322811","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323842","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327480","display_name":"China Institute of Atomic Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/00v5gqm66"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221038774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221038774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511914793","https://openalex.org/W1606372057","https://openalex.org/W1999965501","https://openalex.org/W2038973480","https://openalex.org/W2101281516","https://openalex.org/W2126251600","https://openalex.org/W2166229255","https://openalex.org/W2521940903","https://openalex.org/W2617053505","https://openalex.org/W2619995677","https://openalex.org/W2739408131","https://openalex.org/W2806104647","https://openalex.org/W2914293352","https://openalex.org/W2980268095","https://openalex.org/W2982554176","https://openalex.org/W2999531150","https://openalex.org/W3080391017","https://openalex.org/W3085789679","https://openalex.org/W3093873544","https://openalex.org/W3101813300","https://openalex.org/W4200234954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129457889","https://openalex.org/W2028673160","https://openalex.org/W2109654871","https://openalex.org/W4312097025","https://openalex.org/W2258631612","https://openalex.org/W2524230376","https://openalex.org/W2099878889","https://openalex.org/W4367846823","https://openalex.org/W2395675490","https://openalex.org/W4221038774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reheating":[0],"furnaces":[1,38],"are":[2],"used":[3,223],"to":[4,92,224],"homogeneously":[5],"reheat":[6],"the":[7,58,75,94,98,127,130,146,152,168,181,192,208,226,230],"steel":[8,41],"stock":[9],"(Billets,":[10],"blooms":[11],"or":[12],"slabs)":[13],"at":[14],"a":[15,81,117,121],"temperature":[16,32,50,96,131,227],"between":[17],"1000\u00b0C":[18],"and":[19,28,71,104,144,148,164,174,185,201,212],"1250\u00b0C":[20],"before":[21],"hot":[22],"rolling.":[23],"Supply":[24],"of":[25,31,45,61,97,129,137,180,207],"accurate,":[26],"stable,":[27],"reliable":[29],"control":[30,65,132,194],"is":[33,51,115],"most":[34],"important":[35],"for":[36],"reheating":[37,154,231],"in":[39,49,57,178,205,229],"hot-rolled":[40],"production.":[42],"The":[43,218],"phenomenon":[44],"large":[46],"time":[47,106],"lags":[48],"an":[52,112],"arduous":[53],"problem":[54],"that":[55,124],"existed":[56],"combustion":[59],"system":[60,66,76],"furnaces,":[62],"it":[63],"causes":[64],"big":[67],"overshoot,":[68],"continuous":[69],"oscillation,":[70],"may":[72],"even":[73],"make":[74],"unstable.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79,109],"paper,":[80],"prediction":[82,118,135],"model":[83,119,136,147],"based":[84],"on":[85,151,176,203],"gate":[86],"recurrent":[87],"unit":[88],"(GRU)":[89],"was":[90],"established":[91],"forecast":[93],"inside":[95],"furnace":[99],"by":[100,139,172,199],"using":[101],"temperature,":[102],"fuel,":[103],"air":[105],"series.":[107],"Moreover,":[108,191],"paper":[110],"presents":[111],"approach":[113],"which":[114],"combining":[116],"with":[120,157],"feedforward":[122,149],"controller":[123,198],"can":[125,221],"improve":[126,195],"stability":[128],"system.":[133],"Established":[134],"temperatures":[138],"collecting":[140],"data":[141],"from":[142],"on-side,":[143],"evaluated":[145],"performance":[150],"actual":[153],"furnace.":[155],"Compared":[156],"other":[158],"dynamic":[159],"models":[160,170],"(recurrent":[161],"neural":[162],"network":[163],"long":[165],"short-term":[166],"memory),":[167],"proposed":[169,193],"outperformed":[171],"15.63%":[173],"26.07%":[175],"average":[177,204],"terms":[179,206],"mean":[182,187,209,214],"absolute":[183,210],"error":[184,211],"root":[186,213],"square":[188,215],"error,":[189,216],"respectively.":[190,217],"traditional":[196],"PI":[197],"33.43%":[200],"19.92%":[202],"presented":[219],"method":[220],"be":[222],"reduce":[225],"disturbances":[228],"furnaces.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}