{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225742878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3159698","title":"6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes","display_name":"6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225742878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3159698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3159698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3159698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09734063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09734063.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064392926","display_name":"Rojeena Bajracharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rojeena Bajracharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University (KHU), Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University (KHU), Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016138282","display_name":"Rakesh Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-7295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology (SIT), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-7295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology (SIT), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043085156","display_name":"Shiho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology (SIT), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-1721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology (SIT), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002135635","display_name":"Haejoon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haejoon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University (KHU), Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-2784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University (KHU), Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064392926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":38.2471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99713527,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"30536","last_page":"30555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7174652218818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6741917133331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5678364634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5630117058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5547107458114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.540547788143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5265308022499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5069001317024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.46331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.45274221897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.43412789702415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-broadband","display_name":"Mobile broadband","score":0.41378897428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.0977182388305664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174652218818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6741917133331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5678364634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5630117058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5547107458114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.540547788143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5265308022499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5069001317024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.46331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.45274221897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.43412789702415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.41378897428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0977182388305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3159698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3159698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09734063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cbde429a4134ffca423043fcc727c3a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cbde429a4134ffca423043fcc727c3a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 30536-30555 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3159698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3159698","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09734063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2695354093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-0-02046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4342860652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5577384859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-0-02046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8539210368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020H1D3A1A02080428","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8800380108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-0-02046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G919871556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020H1D3A1A02080428","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225742878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225742878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990291111","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2291698171","https://openalex.org/W2318293770","https://openalex.org/W2343189577","https://openalex.org/W2345312651","https://openalex.org/W2559018174","https://openalex.org/W2580241428","https://openalex.org/W2621151963","https://openalex.org/W2798247949","https://openalex.org/W2800052234","https://openalex.org/W2808122407","https://openalex.org/W2885423658","https://openalex.org/W2889655092","https://openalex.org/W2896645320","https://openalex.org/W2899320340","https://openalex.org/W2899508935","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2905002613","https://openalex.org/W2905354310","https://openalex.org/W2912402142","https://openalex.org/W2912502408","https://openalex.org/W2958091556","https://openalex.org/W2958228441","https://openalex.org/W2962753615","https://openalex.org/W2962854114","https://openalex.org/W2963409215","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W2980530774","https://openalex.org/W2981665798","https://openalex.org/W3010393526","https://openalex.org/W3024364604","https://openalex.org/W3024604412","https://openalex.org/W3029840414","https://openalex.org/W3029891370","https://openalex.org/W3033074648","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3049018206","https://openalex.org/W3070374663","https://openalex.org/W3087812235","https://openalex.org/W3090963371","https://openalex.org/W3092623645","https://openalex.org/W3099721448","https://openalex.org/W3111280071","https://openalex.org/W3113018973","https://openalex.org/W3126560866","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3128329391","https://openalex.org/W3133340445","https://openalex.org/W3134035859","https://openalex.org/W3142723417","https://openalex.org/W3157689041","https://openalex.org/W3165417815","https://openalex.org/W3166751248","https://openalex.org/W3171269949","https://openalex.org/W3172525003","https://openalex.org/W3174708786","https://openalex.org/W3175219873","https://openalex.org/W3176508160","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W3180667710","https://openalex.org/W3189699465","https://openalex.org/W3196364916","https://openalex.org/W3204151475","https://openalex.org/W3210522537","https://openalex.org/W3212868391","https://openalex.org/W3216084058","https://openalex.org/W3216651237","https://openalex.org/W4200402604","https://openalex.org/W4206337605","https://openalex.org/W4206341558","https://openalex.org/W4280547181","https://openalex.org/W4386681320","https://openalex.org/W6768248434","https://openalex.org/W6796228830","https://openalex.org/W6839088942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972242150","https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2142989636","https://openalex.org/W2322468729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"ubiquitous":[1,102],"connectivity":[2,141],"for":[3,40,122,202,217,227],"people":[4],"and":[5,37,53,89,142,151,191,199,215,222,233],"equipment":[6],"with":[7,73],"a":[8,119,176],"wide":[9],"range":[10],"of":[11,21,44,111,153,155,225,236],"service":[12,154],"conditions":[13],"is":[14,117,213],"regarded":[15],"as":[16,175],"the":[17,25,41,60,105,108,123,156,165,206,228],"major":[18],"design":[19,223],"goal":[20],"6G":[22,27,79,161],"networks.":[23],"Moreover,":[24],"future":[26,234],"networks":[28,96],"need":[29],"to":[30,34,100,126,146],"be":[31,173],"extremely":[32],"flexible":[33],"enable":[35],"reliable":[36],"low-latency":[38],"access":[39,95],"dynamic":[42,82],"number":[43],"mobile":[45],"user":[46],"equipment.":[47],"The":[48],"current":[49],"base":[50,177],"stations":[51],"(BSs)":[52],"remote":[54],"relay":[55],"antennas":[56],"are":[57,98,184,231,239],"mostly,":[58],"on":[59,69,187],"other":[61,106],"hand,":[62,107],"installed":[63],"at":[64],"fixed":[65],"geographic":[66],"locations":[67],"based":[68,186],"long-term":[70],"traffic":[71,84],"patterns":[72],"little":[74],"re-deployment":[75],"flexibility.":[76],"For":[77],"most":[78],"applications,":[80,190],"where":[81],"data":[83,181],"occurs":[85],"in":[86,164],"both":[87],"spatial":[88],"temporal":[90],"domains,":[91],"such":[92],"rigid":[93],"radio":[94,163],"(RANs)":[97],"unable":[99],"maintain":[101],"connectivity.":[103],"On":[104],"rapid":[109],"advancement":[110],"unmanned":[112],"aerial":[113],"vehicle":[114],"(UAV)":[115],"technology":[116],"creating":[118],"unique":[120],"opportunity":[121],"cellular":[124,207],"operator":[125],"realize":[127],"flying":[128],"wireless":[129,132,140],"infrastructure":[130,133],"called":[131],"UAV":[134,138,170,183,230],"(WI":[135],"UAV).":[136],"WI":[137,169,218,229,237],"supports":[139],"can":[143,172],"stir":[144],"itself":[145],"improve":[147],"spectral":[148],"efficiency,":[149],"coverage,":[150],"quality":[152],"end-users.":[157],"This":[158],"paper":[159,195],"introduces":[160],"new":[162],"unlicensed":[166],"band":[167],"(NR-U)-based":[168],"that":[171],"used":[174],"station,":[178],"relay,":[179],"or":[180],"collector/disseminator.":[182],"categorized":[185],"their":[188],"characteristics,":[189],"operations.":[192],"Further,":[193],"this":[194],"discusses":[196],"various":[197],"regulatory":[198],"standardization":[200],"initiatives":[201],"integrating":[203],"UAVs":[204,238],"into":[205],"network.":[208],"Non-standalone":[209],"NR-U":[210,226],"network":[211],"architecture":[212],"designed":[214],"explained":[216],"UAV.":[219],"Several":[220],"opportunities":[221],"challenges":[224],"discussed":[232],"scopes":[235],"presented.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}