{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221004703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3158343","title":"Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks-Based Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks-Based Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221004703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3158343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3158343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3158343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09732473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09732473.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073790847","display_name":"Changki Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Ki Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quality Innovation Team, Global CS Center, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-1500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quality Innovation Team, Global CS Center, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024011922","display_name":"Yu-Jeong Cheon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51226738","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Jeong Cheon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-6449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050819523","display_name":"Wook\u2010Yeon Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-556X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51226738","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wook-Yeon Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Business, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-556X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Business, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91007361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"26920","last_page":"26930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5371464490890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5138228535652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48079147934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.46230971813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.44920244812965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4359976649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43553057312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34839653968811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34029144048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32852208614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3219226002693176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5371464490890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5138228535652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48079147934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.46230971813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.44920244812965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4359976649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43553057312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34839653968811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34029144048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32852208614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3219226002693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3158343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3158343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09732473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6235171b5674451c8757e6239a319354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6235171b5674451c8757e6239a319354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 26920-26930 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3158343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3158343","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09732473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321210","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221004703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221004703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823976324","https://openalex.org/W1963729448","https://openalex.org/W1967460951","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W1997398853","https://openalex.org/W1998188520","https://openalex.org/W2001595608","https://openalex.org/W2007713979","https://openalex.org/W2074399002","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2131904035","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2134490011","https://openalex.org/W2142362556","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2162695109","https://openalex.org/W2177976272","https://openalex.org/W2322250920","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2756182389","https://openalex.org/W2899726877","https://openalex.org/W2905867642","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3162096064","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4299345493","https://openalex.org/W6679539681","https://openalex.org/W6692067499","https://openalex.org/W6738960736","https://openalex.org/W6751494907","https://openalex.org/W6767782324","https://openalex.org/W6788129810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2076520961","https://openalex.org/W3195168932","https://openalex.org/W2389470892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multivariate":[0],"statistical":[1],"process":[2,94],"control":[3,29],"(MSPC)":[4],"is":[5,96],"a":[6,36,47,84,117],"technique":[7],"for":[8,98,170],"detecting":[9],"anomalies":[10],"by":[11],"monitoring":[12],"several":[13],"quality":[14],"characteristics":[15],"simultaneously.":[16],"For":[17],"the":[18,21,43,52,57,69,79,90,93,99,102,127,136,140,149,157,162,172,175,183,187,193,196],"MSPC":[19,44],"problem,":[20,111],"Hotelling\u2019s":[22,70],"<inline-formula":[23,71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[24,72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[25,73],"<tex-math":[26,74],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$T^{2}$":[27,75],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[28,76],"chart":[30,77],"has":[31],"been":[32],"widely":[33],"used":[34],"as":[35,51,156],"typical":[37],"method.":[38],"Recently,":[39],"researchers":[40],"have":[41,63],"converted":[42],"problem":[45,49],"into":[46],"classification":[48,59],"such":[50,155],"artificial":[53],"contrast":[54],"(AC)":[55],"and":[56,101,161,174],"one-class":[58,163],"(OCC).":[60],"Previous":[61],"studies":[62],"shown":[64],"that":[65,182],"these":[66],"methods":[67,189],"outperform":[68],"when":[78],"data":[80,95],"do":[81],"not":[82],"follow":[83],"multivariate":[85],"normal":[86],"distribution.":[87,152],"However,":[88],"unless":[89],"size":[91],"of":[92,139,192],"enough":[97],"AC":[100,173],"OCC,":[103],"they":[104],"cannot":[105],"work":[106],"properly.":[107],"To":[108],"tackle":[109],"this":[110,113],"in":[112,190],"paper,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"novel":[118],"anomaly":[119],"detection":[120],"(AD)":[121],"approach.":[122],"The":[123,153,178],"proposed":[124,184],"method":[125],"adopts":[126],"least":[128],"square":[129],"generative":[130],"adversarial":[131],"network":[132],"(LS-GAN)":[133],"to":[134],"estimate":[135],"probability":[137,151],"distribution":[138],"training":[141,146],"data.":[142],"It":[143],"generates":[144],"new":[145],"samples":[147],"from":[148],"learned":[150],"classifiers":[154],"random":[158],"forests":[159],"(RF)":[160],"support":[164],"vector":[165],"machines":[166],"(OC-SVM)":[167],"are":[168],"considered":[169],"tackling":[171],"OCC":[176],"respectively.":[177],"numerical":[179],"experiments":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"approach":[185],"outperforms":[186],"existing":[188],"terms":[191],"area":[194],"under":[195],"receiver":[197],"operating":[198],"characteristic":[199],"(ROC)":[200],"curve":[201],"(AUC).":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}