{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225607921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157589","title":"Privacy-Preserving Case-Based Explanations: Enabling Visual Interpretability by Protecting Privacy","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Case-Based Explanations: Enabling Visual Interpretability by Protecting Privacy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225607921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3157589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157589","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09729808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09729808.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000653235","display_name":"Helena Montenegro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-3011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helena Montenegro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014798951","display_name":"Wilson Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069676179","display_name":"Alex Gaudio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-6620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Gaudio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057424614","display_name":"Matt Fredrikson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1820-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Fredrikson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043560713","display_name":"Asim\ufeff Smailagic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8524-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asim Smailagic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827007","display_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-2473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000653235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86448685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"28333","last_page":"28347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9781948328018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8255013823509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.47507303953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45920661091804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.4443170428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4336455762386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.426433801651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-anonymization","display_name":"Data anonymization","score":0.42373281717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.4142799377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40819913148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40739119052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3788275122642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.30991822481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2727418541908264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9781948328018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8255013823509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.47507303953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45920661091804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.4443170428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4336455762386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.426433801651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006654","display_name":"Data anonymization","level":3,"score":0.42373281717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.4142799377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40819913148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40739119052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3788275122642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.30991822481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2727418541908264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3157589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157589","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09729808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03f766a91653426dbe58c26f66b41630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03f766a91653426dbe58c26f66b41630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 28333-28347 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3157589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157589","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09729808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8995286363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/139468/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225607921.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225607921.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487906362","https://openalex.org/W1578378315","https://openalex.org/W2083192529","https://openalex.org/W2103958416","https://openalex.org/W2110884135","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2214685504","https://openalex.org/W2511806070","https://openalex.org/W2593367875","https://openalex.org/W2765813195","https://openalex.org/W2914794838","https://openalex.org/W2963278610","https://openalex.org/W2963920698","https://openalex.org/W2964155457","https://openalex.org/W2965674570","https://openalex.org/W3004725381","https://openalex.org/W3005260261","https://openalex.org/W3041378136","https://openalex.org/W3048161992","https://openalex.org/W3085543735","https://openalex.org/W3090301213","https://openalex.org/W3092830972","https://openalex.org/W3105692574","https://openalex.org/W3112857588","https://openalex.org/W3113107791","https://openalex.org/W3121787084","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3210588961","https://openalex.org/W6600463257","https://openalex.org/W6610566761","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6679488046","https://openalex.org/W6734862562","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6749162425","https://openalex.org/W6753001334","https://openalex.org/W6780948738","https://openalex.org/W6784375513","https://openalex.org/W6798051881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171066746","https://openalex.org/W3166730876","https://openalex.org/W4321276801","https://openalex.org/W2797441709","https://openalex.org/W2943982549","https://openalex.org/W2886918272","https://openalex.org/W4387589990","https://openalex.org/W4297660007","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W2910028250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0,26],"Learning":[1,27],"achieves":[2],"state-of-the-art":[3],"results":[4],"in":[5,43,69,94,190],"many":[6],"domains,":[7],"yet":[8],"its":[9,13],"black-box":[10],"nature":[11],"limits":[12],"application":[14],"to":[15,21,96,99,125,128,150,186],"real-world":[16],"contexts.":[17],"An":[18],"intuitive":[19],"way":[20],"improve":[22],"the":[23,46,55,64,70,91,110,139,165,191],"interpretability":[24,83,168],"of":[25,57,72,75,109,142,167,184,193],"models":[28],"is":[29],"by":[30],"explaining":[31],"their":[32,97],"decisions":[33],"with":[34],"similar":[35],"cases.":[36],"However,":[37],"case-based":[38,73,82,129,144,195],"explanations":[39,74,145],"cannot":[40],"be":[41,126],"used":[42],"contexts":[44],"where":[45],"data":[47,77],"exposes":[48],"personal":[49],"identity,":[50],"as":[51,146,171],"they":[52],"may":[53],"compromise":[54],"privacy":[56,140],"individuals.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,113,135],"work,":[61],"we":[62,115,137,178],"identify":[63,179],"main":[65],"limitations":[66],"and":[67,84,154,180],"challenges":[68],"anonymization":[71,86,92],"image":[76,85],"through":[78],"a":[79,147,159],"survey":[80],"on":[81,134],"methods.":[87],"We":[88,162],"empirically":[89,163],"analyze":[90],"methods":[93,120],"regards":[95],"capacity":[98],"remove":[100],"personally":[101],"identifiable":[102],"information":[103],"while":[104],"preserving":[105],"relevant":[106,155],"semantic":[107],"properties":[108],"data.":[111],"Through":[112],"analysis,":[114],"conclude":[116],"that":[117],"most":[118],"privacy-preserving":[119,194],"are":[121],"not":[122],"sufficiently":[123],"good":[124],"applied":[127],"explanations.":[130,196],"To":[131],"promote":[132],"research":[133,185],"topic,":[136],"formalize":[138],"protection":[141],"visual":[143],"multi-objective":[148],"problem":[149],"preserve":[151],"privacy,":[152],"intelligibility,":[153],"explanatory":[156],"evidence":[157],"regarding":[158],"predictive":[160],"task.":[161],"verify":[164],"potential":[166],"saliency":[169],"maps":[170],"qualitative":[172],"evaluation":[173],"tools":[174],"for":[175],"anonymization.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"propose":[181],"new":[182],"lines":[183],"guide":[187],"future":[188],"work":[189],"generation":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}