{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214818531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156096","title":"Automatic Thyroid Ultrasound Image Classification Using Feature Fusion Network","display_name":"Automatic Thyroid Ultrasound Image Classification Using Feature Fusion Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214818531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3156096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156096","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09725813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09725813.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668753","display_name":"Xiaohui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-9110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-9110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102803540","display_name":"Xueqin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111315034","display_name":"Wenbo Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449761","display_name":"Yuanyuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-5167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002072084","display_name":"Shidong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-2260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shidong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052045981","display_name":"Ruoxiu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2721-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoxiu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2721-4813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011148417","display_name":"Xiaohui Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-4294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011222577","display_name":"Junlai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-2537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100668753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.4161,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96157075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"27917","last_page":"27924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7427806258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6982394456863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5904570817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.5576844215393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5307799577713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5306863784790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5286332368850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4443778097629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4249565303325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.20428285002708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12724271416664124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7427806258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6982394456863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5904570817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.5576844215393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5307799577713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5306863784790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5286332368850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4443778097629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4249565303325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.20428285002708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12724271416664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3156096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156096","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09725813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08a4cddab8a34afc8ab561c92e54513d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08a4cddab8a34afc8ab561c92e54513d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 27917-27924 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3156096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3156096","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09725813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3735111821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-DF-20-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5228609146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-DF-20-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G613196152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81871317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214818531.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214818531.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992395967","https://openalex.org/W2001264055","https://openalex.org/W2016599848","https://openalex.org/W2127907091","https://openalex.org/W2174523031","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2257185937","https://openalex.org/W2332022283","https://openalex.org/W2403192626","https://openalex.org/W2626312329","https://openalex.org/W2735666957","https://openalex.org/W2759474193","https://openalex.org/W2807190811","https://openalex.org/W2897755679","https://openalex.org/W2897983644","https://openalex.org/W2910443141","https://openalex.org/W2915046743","https://openalex.org/W2946881307","https://openalex.org/W2967450961","https://openalex.org/W2973359219","https://openalex.org/W2980520209","https://openalex.org/W3005136076","https://openalex.org/W3046843342","https://openalex.org/W3047174100","https://openalex.org/W3110391382","https://openalex.org/W3120434070","https://openalex.org/W3130661843","https://openalex.org/W3205380133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351153092","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2135477061","https://openalex.org/W2369103431","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W2364849692","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"diagnosis":[1,29,141],"of":[2,15,58,62,94,149,162,201,214],"thyroid":[3,26,46,150,165,196],"nodules":[4,151,166,197],"is":[5,49,79,88,126,152,177,217],"mainly":[6],"based":[7,172],"on":[8,173],"clinical":[9,163],"methods,":[10],"which":[11],"requires":[12],"a":[13,113,137],"lot":[14],"manpower":[16],"and":[17,36,54,60,72,103,130,136,175,194,209],"medical":[18],"resources.":[19],"Therefore,":[20],"this":[21,158,215],"work":[22,216],"proposes":[23],"an":[24,180,199],"automated":[25],"ultrasound":[27,45,164],"nodule":[28,47,63,96,115],"method":[30],"that":[31,143,186],"combines":[32],"convolutional":[33,104,210],"neural":[34,86,105,139,211],"networks":[35],"image":[37],"texture":[38,67,76,100],"features.":[39],"The":[40],"main":[41],"steps":[42],"include:":[43],"Firstly,":[44],"dataset":[48],"established":[50],"by":[51,82],"collecting":[52],"positive":[53],"negative":[55],"samples,":[56],"standardizing":[57],"images":[59],"segmentation":[61],"area.":[64],"Secondly,":[65],"through":[66],"features":[68,77,101],"extraction,":[69],"feature":[70,92,107,116],"selection":[71],"data":[73],"dimensionality":[74],"reduction,":[75],"model":[78,93,102,108,117,142],"obtained;":[80],"Thirdly,":[81],"transfer":[83],"learning,":[84],"deep":[85,138],"network":[87,106,140],"used":[89,178],"to":[90,111,128,146,156],"obtain":[91],"the":[95,147],"in":[97],"images;":[98],"Then,":[99],"are":[109,167],"combined":[110],"form":[112],"new":[114],"called":[118],"Feature":[119,123,187],"Fusion":[120,124,188],"Network;":[121],"Finally,":[122],"Network":[125,189],"applied":[127],"train":[129],"improve":[131],"performance":[132,213],"than":[133],"single":[134],"network,":[135],"can":[144,190],"adapt":[145],"characteristics":[148],"built.":[153],"In":[154],"order":[155],"test":[157],"method,":[159],"1874":[160],"groups":[161],"collected.":[168],"Harmonic":[169],"average":[170],"F-score":[171,200],"Precision":[174],"Recall":[176],"as":[179],"evaluation":[181],"indicator.":[182],"Experimental":[183],"results":[184],"show":[185],"distinguish":[191],"between":[192],"benign":[193],"malignant":[195],"with":[198,204],"92.52&#x0025;.":[202],"Compared":[203],"traditional":[205],"machine":[206],"learning":[207],"methods":[208],"networks,":[212],"better.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
