{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214656571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155661","title":"Non-Contact Service Robot Development in Fast-Food Restaurants","display_name":"Non-Contact Service Robot Development in Fast-Food Restaurants","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214656571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3155661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09723055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09723055.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057193783","display_name":"Chin\u2010Sheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-1344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chin S. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-1344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033529741","display_name":"Chia-Jen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia J. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","Machinery Company Ltd., Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan","TECO Group Research Institute, TECO Electric &#x0026"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-6132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machinery Company Ltd., Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECO Group Research Institute, TECO Electric &#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090698142","display_name":"Chun-Chi Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-0858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun C. Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057193783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.6434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98390949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"31466","last_page":"31479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6679719686508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-robot","display_name":"Service robot","score":0.6211554408073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5851974487304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.564184308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5595349669456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47998353838920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy-grid-mapping","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","score":0.4397609829902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3622533082962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.320492684841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26793235540390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.19653990864753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.16833627223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0868123471736908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6679719686508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776228582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455797","display_name":"Service robot","level":3,"score":0.6211554408073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5851974487304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.564184308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5595349669456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47998353838920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57077369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075747","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","level":4,"score":0.4397609829902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3622533082962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.320492684841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26793235540390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19653990864753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.16833627223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0868123471736908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3155661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09723055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9009c8725514a90964faa92e93492a8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9009c8725514a90964faa92e93492a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 31466-31479 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3155661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3155661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09723055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4008136513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-0102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4035634586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"110-2622-E-224-016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/042ge0913"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214656571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214656571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999050017","https://openalex.org/W2080823437","https://openalex.org/W2117211893","https://openalex.org/W2120382849","https://openalex.org/W2130422193","https://openalex.org/W2146881125","https://openalex.org/W2154418813","https://openalex.org/W2156092638","https://openalex.org/W2159885489","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2165468899","https://openalex.org/W2296267969","https://openalex.org/W2336416123","https://openalex.org/W2461937780","https://openalex.org/W2535547924","https://openalex.org/W2561660711","https://openalex.org/W2574833974","https://openalex.org/W2588769264","https://openalex.org/W2724806769","https://openalex.org/W2737759620","https://openalex.org/W2772949631","https://openalex.org/W2911519798","https://openalex.org/W2944296259","https://openalex.org/W2975239676","https://openalex.org/W3007881327","https://openalex.org/W3015235064","https://openalex.org/W3019330256","https://openalex.org/W3028389004","https://openalex.org/W3047068160","https://openalex.org/W3091017652","https://openalex.org/W3102327032","https://openalex.org/W3124420883","https://openalex.org/W6678189424","https://openalex.org/W6680668789","https://openalex.org/W6756486208","https://openalex.org/W6776093971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130588278","https://openalex.org/W2140013578","https://openalex.org/W2551663027","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W2132105173","https://openalex.org/W3114279067","https://openalex.org/W2140110270","https://openalex.org/W1605073378","https://openalex.org/W97659922","https://openalex.org/W4312888545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,17,36,52,64,88,93,115,122,169,191],"prospect":[2],"of":[3,19,38,55,66,111,177],"low":[4],"birth":[5],"rate":[6],"and":[7,58,72,149,161,187],"aging":[8],"population":[9],"among":[10,182],"developed":[11],"countries,":[12],"which":[13],"further":[14,164],"resulted":[15],"in":[16,48,78,142],"shortage":[18],"workforces,":[20],"service":[21,40,47,94,123,135,179],"robots":[22,136],"have":[23],"been":[24],"gradually":[25],"applied":[26],"to":[27,80,96,98,144,184],"real-life":[28],"from":[29,147,190],"past":[30],"academic":[31],"research.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"introduces":[35],"development":[37],"a":[39,82,99],"robot":[41,95,124,180],"that":[42],"is":[43,119],"designed":[44],"for":[45,163],"food":[46,134,178,186],"fast-food":[49,140],"restaurants":[50,141,183],"with":[51],"innovative":[53],"improvement":[54],"mapping,":[56],"localization,":[57],"navigation.":[59],"Moreover,":[60],"this":[61],"research":[62],"took":[63],"initiative":[65],"integrating":[67],"3D":[68],"point":[69],"cloud":[70],"map":[71,76],"2D":[73],"occupancy":[74],"grid":[75],"(OGM)":[77],"order":[79,143],"build":[81],"PC-OGM.":[83],"In":[84,109],"another":[85],"word,":[86],"using":[87],"sensory":[89],"fusion":[90],"method":[91],"allows":[92],"adapt":[97],"more":[100],"complicated":[101],"environment":[102],"as":[103,105],"well":[104],"enhance":[106],"its":[107,112],"positioning.":[108],"terms":[110],"navigation":[113],"function,":[114],"adaptive":[116],"motion":[117],"controller":[118],"refined":[120],"so":[121],"could":[125],"navigate":[126],"through":[127],"narrow":[128],"aisles":[129],"smoothly.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"friendly":[132],"contact-free":[133],"were":[137],"evaluated":[138],"at":[139],"gain":[145],"feedback":[146,152],"diners":[148],"waiters.":[150],"Their":[151],"was":[153],"broken":[154],"down":[155],"into":[156,174],"3":[157],"categories,":[158],"availability,":[159],"reliability,":[160],"satisfaction,":[162],"analysis.":[165],"As":[166],"COVID-19":[167],"assails":[168],"world,":[170],"we":[171],"also":[172],"look":[173],"future":[175],"possibilities":[176],"deployment":[181],"keep":[185],"surface":[188],"free":[189],"virus.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
