{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214515453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154899","title":"Deep Learning Enables Accurate Automatic Sleep Staging Based on Ambulatory Forehead EEG","display_name":"Deep Learning Enables Accurate Automatic Sleep Staging Based on Ambulatory Forehead EEG","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214515453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3154899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09721838.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09721838.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017657025","display_name":"Akseli Leino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-9373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akseli Leino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-9373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079670783","display_name":"Henri Korkalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-6112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henri Korkalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-6112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025835951","display_name":"Laura Kalevo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Kalevo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024843661","display_name":"Sami Nikkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Nikkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-4118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003183974","display_name":"Samu Kainulainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2798-2115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samu Kainulainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2798-2115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023873421","display_name":"Alexander Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-015X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801814493","display_name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqb0968","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801814493","https://openalex.org/I4210089726"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801814493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023099814","display_name":"Brett Duce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801814493","display_name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqb0968","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801814493","https://openalex.org/I4210089726"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Duce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801814493"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089701028","display_name":"Kirsi Sipil\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-320X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799272722","display_name":"Oulu University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/045ney286","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799272722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsi Sipila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799272722","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003171947","display_name":"Jari Ahlberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-0441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Ahlberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111794139","display_name":"Johanna Sahlman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-5797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Sahlman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001642981","display_name":"T A Miettinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomi Miettinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057081551","display_name":"Susanna Wester\u00e9n-Punnonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanna Westeren-Punnonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090552786","display_name":"Esa Mervaala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-5747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esa Mervaala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061605544","display_name":"Juha T\u00f6yr\u00e4s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["AU","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Toyras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038446667","display_name":"Sami Myllymaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-4358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Myllymaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-4358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085701602","display_name":"Timo Lepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["AU","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Leppanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-821X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025083750","display_name":"Katja Myllymaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katja Myllymaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-1982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89505598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"26554","last_page":"26566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.6742620468139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.6702974438667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6612449288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5714108943939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5419185757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5265638828277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-wave-sleep","display_name":"Slow-wave sleep","score":0.46016690135002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4530971348285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33769991993904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15222668647766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.11242318153381348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.6742620468139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.6702974438667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6612449288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5714108943939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5419185757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5265638828277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110539466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964845","display_name":"Slow-wave sleep","level":3,"score":0.46016690135002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4530971348285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33769991993904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15222668647766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11242318153381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3154899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09721838.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a509797a45ca439791fc6d25f7575b2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a509797a45ca439791fc6d25f7575b2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 26554-26566 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/342641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/342641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2022051034126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022051034126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3154899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09721838.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1225530845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041798","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1777295817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"323536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324052","funder_display_name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1857230051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2674486824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2963452091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90458-06111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3710321347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4039686813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5133/31/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G409104870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4375142080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"323536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5895288110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6416705042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"965417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091234414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5133/31/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8287894111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"965417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321726","display_name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","ror":"https://ror.org/027xav248"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322456","display_name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/03bj5da63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","display_name":"NordForsk","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqzfg94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324052","display_name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/00yp3hb50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325015","display_name":"Hengityssairauksien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325070","display_name":"Suomen Tuberkuloosin Vastustamisyhdistyksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325149","display_name":"Filha","ror":"https://ror.org/01m9jhr72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325709","display_name":"Northern Savo Hospital District","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328684","display_name":"H\u00e1sk\u00f3linn \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2kyx68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335026","display_name":"Pohjois-Savon Rahasto","ror":"https://ror.org/027xav248"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214515453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214515453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522859516","https://openalex.org/W1963756232","https://openalex.org/W1970582934","https://openalex.org/W1973839433","https://openalex.org/W1980157457","https://openalex.org/W2009831405","https://openalex.org/W2032299679","https://openalex.org/W2048136639","https://openalex.org/W2158956772","https://openalex.org/W2406035465","https://openalex.org/W2408631410","https://openalex.org/W2545978820","https://openalex.org/W2604096629","https://openalex.org/W2748360107","https://openalex.org/W2755886318","https://openalex.org/W2756191246","https://openalex.org/W2885081480","https://openalex.org/W2893892260","https://openalex.org/W2893940155","https://openalex.org/W2901121365","https://openalex.org/W2904418346","https://openalex.org/W2917012151","https://openalex.org/W2920016582","https://openalex.org/W2963355311","https://openalex.org/W2964959984","https://openalex.org/W2972723848","https://openalex.org/W2995516697","https://openalex.org/W3003741423","https://openalex.org/W3007267041","https://openalex.org/W3009259306","https://openalex.org/W3026648951","https://openalex.org/W3040939498","https://openalex.org/W3133617246","https://openalex.org/W3163035523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390146185","https://openalex.org/W3014223808","https://openalex.org/W2014175997","https://openalex.org/W1964737389","https://openalex.org/W3121188996","https://openalex.org/W2084125138","https://openalex.org/W2991581874","https://openalex.org/W2079867952","https://openalex.org/W2319810220","https://openalex.org/W2324099496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"previously":[2,81],"developed":[3],"an":[4],"ambulatory":[5],"electrode":[6],"set":[7],"(AES)":[8],"for":[9,28,60,117,167,187,208],"the":[10,42,65,99,129,142,151,232,239,258,265],"measurement":[11],"of":[12,44,75,120,128,141,150,242,260,267],"electroencephalography":[13],"(EEG),":[14],"electrooculography":[15],"(EOG),":[16],"and":[17,32,77,104,175,197],"electromyography":[18],"(EMG).":[19],"The":[20,67,113,126,148,215,234,250],"AES":[21,143],"has":[22],"been":[23],"proven":[24],"to":[25,51,83,221,238],"be":[26],"suitable":[27],"manual":[29,139],"sleep":[30,46,57,86,121,124,154,169,189,210,224,248,253],"staging":[31,58,155,254],"self-application":[33],"in":[34],"in-":[35,269],"home":[36,270],"polysomnography":[37],"(PSG).":[38],"To":[39],"further":[40],"facilitate":[41],"diagnostics":[43],"various":[45],"disorders,":[47],"this":[48,97],"study":[49],"aimed":[50],"utilize":[52],"a":[53,73,90,146],"deep":[54,130,194],"learning-based":[55],"automated":[56],"approach":[59],"EEG":[61,93,108,228,244],"signals":[62,109,144],"acquired":[63],"with":[64,89,106,111,135,231],"AES.":[66,112,233],"present":[68],"neural":[69,79,152,217],"network":[70,153,218],"architecture":[71],"comprises":[72],"combination":[74],"convolutional":[76],"recurrent":[78],"networks":[80],"shown":[82],"achieve":[84],"excellent":[85],"scoring":[87,140],"accuracy":[88,149,235],"single":[91],"standard":[92,243],"channel":[94],"(F4-M1).":[95],"In":[96],"study,":[98],"model":[100,132],"was":[101,133,156,219],"re-":[102],"trained":[103],"tested":[105],"135":[107],"recorded":[110],"recordings":[114],"were":[115],"conducted":[116],"subjects":[118],"suspected":[119],"apnea":[122],"or":[123],"bruxism.":[125],"performance":[127],"learning":[131],"evaluated":[134],"10-fold":[136],"cross-validation":[137],"using":[138],"as":[145],"reference.":[147],"79.7%":[157],"(":[158,178,199],"<inline-formula":[159,179,200],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[160,180,201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[161,181,202],"<tex-math":[162,182,203],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\kappa":[163,183,204],"=0.729$":[164],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[165,185,206],")":[166,186,207],"five":[168],"stages":[170,190,211,225],"(W,":[171,191,212],"N1,":[172],"N2,":[173],"N3,":[174],"R),":[176,196],"84.1%":[177],"=0.773$":[184],"four":[188],"light":[192],"sleep,":[193,195],"89.1%":[198],"=0.801$":[205],"three":[209],"NREM,":[213],"R).":[214],"utilized":[216],"able":[220],"accurately":[222],"determine":[223],"based":[226],"on":[227],"channels":[229],"measured":[230],"is":[236],"comparable":[237],"inter-scorer":[240],"agreement":[241],"scorings":[245],"between":[246],"international":[247],"centers.":[249],"automatic":[251],"AES-based":[252],"could":[255],"potentially":[256],"improve":[257],"availability":[259],"PSG":[261],"studies":[262],"by":[263],"facilitating":[264],"arrangement":[266],"self-administrated":[268],"PSGs.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
