{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211144304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3150860","title":"Strategies and System Implementations for Secure Electronic Written Exams","display_name":"Strategies and System Implementations for Secure Electronic Written Exams","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211144304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3150860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3150860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3150860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09709820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09709820.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058074271","display_name":"Osvaldo Gervasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-520X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osvaldo Gervasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-520X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032252970","display_name":"Damiano Perri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-6659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damiano Perri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-6659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088284312","display_name":"Marco Simonetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-5519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Simonetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2252,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83443508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"20559","last_page":"20570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14246","display_name":"E-Learning and Knowledge Management","score":0.9488999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7117215394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6326397061347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.616902232170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpinning","display_name":"Underpinning","score":0.5971771478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.5251507759094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantaged","display_name":"Disadvantaged","score":0.5153467059135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.45033082365989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.3684134781360626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.21986067295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18975690007209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16042718291282654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7117215394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6326397061347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.616902232170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.5971771478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.5251507759094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.5153467059135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.45033082365989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3684134781360626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.21986067295074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18975690007209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16042718291282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3150860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3150860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09709820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d06b6a4c5210412fb02a83f00261906f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d06b6a4c5210412fb02a83f00261906f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 20559-20570 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1293231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1293231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3150860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3150860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09709820.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326523","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211144304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211144304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485434472","https://openalex.org/W1500594392","https://openalex.org/W1529005667","https://openalex.org/W1975756470","https://openalex.org/W2095934620","https://openalex.org/W2101783263","https://openalex.org/W2106474058","https://openalex.org/W2113008765","https://openalex.org/W2125359479","https://openalex.org/W2136656849","https://openalex.org/W2166214214","https://openalex.org/W2181822464","https://openalex.org/W2246204242","https://openalex.org/W2400862780","https://openalex.org/W2609646553","https://openalex.org/W2623867476","https://openalex.org/W2735165203","https://openalex.org/W2786658916","https://openalex.org/W2793343875","https://openalex.org/W2796668783","https://openalex.org/W2802878881","https://openalex.org/W2811013059","https://openalex.org/W2943964987","https://openalex.org/W2964289984","https://openalex.org/W2980448104","https://openalex.org/W3025308269","https://openalex.org/W3090666738","https://openalex.org/W3091316498","https://openalex.org/W3096784973","https://openalex.org/W3135424241","https://openalex.org/W3144116920","https://openalex.org/W3159292553","https://openalex.org/W3159576130","https://openalex.org/W3174312346","https://openalex.org/W3197016128","https://openalex.org/W3200958208","https://openalex.org/W3201183622","https://openalex.org/W3202681787","https://openalex.org/W3210966092","https://openalex.org/W4231387386","https://openalex.org/W4285230189","https://openalex.org/W6608832386","https://openalex.org/W6685870310","https://openalex.org/W6691184024","https://openalex.org/W6794534069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W623382837","https://openalex.org/W2155197844","https://openalex.org/W2349226017","https://openalex.org/W2349376052","https://openalex.org/W4388543378","https://openalex.org/W2093477105","https://openalex.org/W2375628069","https://openalex.org/W2358280189","https://openalex.org/W2369522881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,185],"pandemic":[1],"has":[2,215],"accelerated":[3],"the":[4,18,61,80,106,128,131,134,137,141,155,180,191,195,212,219,225],"process":[5,47],"of":[6,20,27,32,101,108,130,140,179,203],"digitization":[7],"in":[8,23,110,177,190,207,218],"many":[9,24],"fields,":[10],"highlighting":[11],"some":[12,50,67],"critical":[13],"issues":[14],"that":[15,31,157,165],"have":[16,158],"slowed":[17],"development":[19],"digital":[21,38],"technologies":[22],"areas.":[25],"One":[26],"these":[28],"is":[29,40,187],"undoubtedly":[30],"skills":[33,238],"assessment,":[34],"which":[35],"on":[36,123,183,217],"a":[37,41,117,228,236],"platform":[39],"more":[42,63],"streamlined,":[43],"reliable":[44],"and":[45,48,76,98,115,136,145,150,175,200],"faster":[46],"allows":[49,201],"individuals":[51],"from":[52,95],"disadvantaged":[53],"groups":[54],"to":[55,58,104,119,148,161,167,224,233],"be":[56,87,168],"able":[57],"carry":[59,234],"out":[60,235],"exam":[62,151],"easily.":[64],"We":[65,126,153],"present":[66],"strategies":[68],"for":[69,89,173],"enabling":[70],"online":[71],"remote":[72,96],"secure":[73],"written":[74],"exams":[75,91],"their":[77],"implementation":[78],"through":[79],"open-source":[81],"system":[82,85,135,186,229],"LibreEOL.":[83],"can":[86],"used":[88,189],"university":[90],"(in":[92],"presence":[93],"or":[94],"locations)":[97],"training":[99,124,205],"courses":[100],"all":[102],"types":[103],"evaluate":[105],"effectiveness":[107],"learning":[109],"itinere,":[111],"i.e.,":[112],"before,":[113],"during":[114],"after":[116],"course,":[118],"provide":[120],"quantitative":[121],"data":[122],"effectiveness.":[125],"outline":[127],"architecture":[129],"services":[132],"underpinning":[133],"logical":[138],"organisation":[139],"various":[142],"user":[143],"roles":[144],"content":[146],"relating":[147],"questions":[149],"delivery.":[152],"describe":[154],"algorithms":[156],"allowed":[159],"us":[160],"develop":[162],"an":[163,169],"environment":[164],"appears":[166],"essential":[170],"aid":[171],"both":[172],"teachers":[174],"students":[176],"light":[178],"questionnaires":[181],"conducted":[182],"students.":[184],"successfully":[188],"EchemTest,":[192],"promoted":[193],"by":[194],"European":[196,209],"Chemistry":[197],"Thematic":[198],"Network,":[199],"comparison":[202],"chemistry":[204],"outcomes":[206],"different":[208],"countries.":[210],"Despite":[211],"importance,":[213],"it":[214,231],"taken":[216],"last":[220],"two":[221],"years":[222],"due":[223],"pandemic,":[226],"such":[227],"makes":[230],"possible":[232],"valuable":[237],"assessment.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}