{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210537512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147829","title":"Link Budget Analysis for LEO Satellites Based on the Statistics of the Elevation Angle","display_name":"Link Budget Analysis for LEO Satellites Based on the Statistics of the Elevation Angle","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210537512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3147829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09698051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09698051.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050819135","display_name":"Juan Misael Gongora-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Misael Gongora-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico. (e-mail: jmgongora@yandex.com)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-6056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico. (e-mail: jmgongora@yandex.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063457306","display_name":"Cesar Vargas\u2010Rosales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-471X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Vargas-Rosales","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-471X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035761320","display_name":"Alejandro Arag\u00f3n\u2010Zavala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Aragon-Zavala","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-7275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018415945","display_name":"Rafaela Villalpando\u2010Hernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafaela Villalpando-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.4763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98876824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"14518","last_page":"14528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7828614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.7805943489074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.6657760739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5539184212684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5471644401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5056211948394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantile","display_name":"Quantile","score":0.4884563982486725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.48826146125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4854045808315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4126926362514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3065248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2612225413322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23818746209144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2010195255279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16710275411605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09578362107276917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7828614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.7805943489074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.6657760739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5539184212684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5471644401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5056211948394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118671147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578714","display_name":"Quantile","level":2,"score":0.4884563982486725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.48826146125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4854045808315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4126926362514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3065248131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2612225413322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23818746209144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2010195255279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16710275411605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09578362107276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3147829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09698051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecb8457dff974bc38b8dd070f93f5c14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecb8457dff974bc38b8dd070f93f5c14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 14518-14528 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3147829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09698051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210537512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210537512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639321487","https://openalex.org/W1574779531","https://openalex.org/W1581058907","https://openalex.org/W1994550463","https://openalex.org/W1996495236","https://openalex.org/W2031861857","https://openalex.org/W2033250213","https://openalex.org/W2075238013","https://openalex.org/W2076594101","https://openalex.org/W2120142166","https://openalex.org/W2155067148","https://openalex.org/W2155116429","https://openalex.org/W2332010303","https://openalex.org/W2498459798","https://openalex.org/W2503660460","https://openalex.org/W2606172320","https://openalex.org/W2732096217","https://openalex.org/W2767123363","https://openalex.org/W2801274576","https://openalex.org/W2810061311","https://openalex.org/W2918773610","https://openalex.org/W2921679472","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W2950124408","https://openalex.org/W3008847683","https://openalex.org/W3046866375","https://openalex.org/W3149828318","https://openalex.org/W3163123728","https://openalex.org/W3170100817","https://openalex.org/W6633571350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933918004","https://openalex.org/W2073099965","https://openalex.org/W1963086033","https://openalex.org/W1677273833","https://openalex.org/W2390112363","https://openalex.org/W1561846347","https://openalex.org/W220228572","https://openalex.org/W2551828388","https://openalex.org/W2767132796","https://openalex.org/W4210537512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Link":[0,58],"budgets":[1,59,118],"are":[2],"widely":[3],"applied":[4],"to":[5,17,29,71,114,175],"evaluate":[6,115],"communication":[7,66],"links":[8],"for":[9,31,64,206],"low":[10],"Earth":[11],"Orbit":[12],"(LEO)":[13],"satellites.":[14,208],"However,":[15],"approaches":[16],"calculate":[18,176],"the":[19,42,50,55,62,73,78,99,120,129,145,153,156,160,182,188,197],"received":[20,79,101,161,171],"power":[21,102,172],"from":[22],"LEO":[23,65,116,207],"satellites":[24,34],"have":[25,68],"followed":[26],"similar":[27],"procedures":[28],"those":[30,90],"Geostationary":[32],"(GEO)":[33],"and":[35,53,75,93,103,124,186,200],"other":[36,168,177],"fixed":[37],"distance":[38],"wireless":[39],"systems,":[40],"ignoring":[41],"satellite":[43],"mobility":[44],"that":[45,204],"causes":[46],"continuous":[47],"changes":[48],"in":[49,54,61,135],"path":[51,198],"length":[52,199],"elevation":[56,130,146,201],"angle.":[57],"found":[60],"literature":[63],"systems":[67],"commonly":[69],"opted":[70],"characterize":[72],"best":[74],"worst-cases":[76],"of":[77,106,126,128,144,155,159],"signal;":[80],"however,":[81],"this":[82,136],"common":[83],"approach":[84],"tells":[85],"little":[86,94],"about":[87,98],"how":[88],"often":[89],"cases":[91],"occur,":[92],"can":[95,192],"be":[96,193],"inferred":[97],"expected":[100,157],"its":[104,163],"measures":[105],"dispersion.":[107],"This":[108,142],"article":[109],"introduces":[110],"an":[111],"innovative":[112],"methodology":[113,190],"link":[117,178],"using":[119],"long":[121],"term":[122],"statistics":[123],"probabilities":[125],"occurrence":[127],"angle,":[131],"which":[132],"is":[133,173],"characterized":[134],"work":[137],"through":[138,148],"a":[139,149],"random":[140,150],"variable.":[141],"characterization":[143],"angle":[147,202],"variable":[151],"allows":[152],"calculation":[154],"value":[158],"power,":[162],"standard":[164],"deviation,":[165],"quantiles,":[166],"among":[167],"quantities.":[169],"The":[170],"essential":[174],"indicators":[179],"such":[180],"as":[181],"carrier-to-noise":[183],"ratio":[184],"(C/N),":[185],"with":[187],"proposed":[189],"it":[191],"now":[194],"calculated":[195],"considering":[196],"variability":[203],"occur":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}